Heart of Darkness - A Reform Piece or Racist Trash? Essay -- HOD Josep

mall of Darkness - Reform Piece or Racist Trash? In 1890, Joseph Conrad spent four months as a steamer clam head valet in the Congo. Like his character Marlow, Conrad became both physically ill and greatly disturbed as a result of his experiences. The Congo haunted Conrad, and disrespect the fact that he spent relatively little of his time there, he felt compelled to write about his experiences years later.1 Indeed, the Congo had a profound mould on Conrad. While there he met Roger Casement who was to become a life long friend and ally in the campaign against Leopold II. Conrads experience was much equal Marlows. As a young man, Conrad would look at maps and desired to journey to the as yet unexplored Congo, much the same way Marlow did. He was the captain of a steamboat that traveled between Stanley Falls and Leopoldville. Like Marlow, he also became very ill as a result of his travels. While in the office he kept a daily diary that would aid him in future work. Conrad o riginally wrote a short story about his experiences in the Congo, tho later decided that a slightly longer work would be necessary to deal with the topic.2 Out of this profound influence came a profound novella, Heart of Darkness, which was published in 1902 at the height of the Congo controversy. Heart of Darkness painted a very dark picture of the Congo. It is no surprise that there is so much dark imagery in Heart of Darkness, Conrad adequately described the tone of the Congo. Kurtz can be seen as a white man who set out for the Congo, like so m whatsoever others, in an effort to civilize the inhabitants of the region. In the end though, its Kurtz who is the most savage. Kurtz could be a representative of any of the members of the For... ...on different races have improved. That there even is a debate would indicate that people today are more aware of issues of racism than they were in 1902. whole kit Cited (1), (2), (6) Forbath, Peter. The River Congo. Harper & Row Publis hers. New York. 1977. (3) Widmer, Kingsley. Joseph Conrad. Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 34. Gale Research Company. Detroit. 1985 (4) Watts, Cedric. Conrads Heart of Darkness A Critical and Contextual Discussion. Mursia multinational. 1977. (5) Pakenham, Thomas. The Scramble for Africa. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. London. 1991. (7), (8), (9), (10), (12) Achebe, Chinua. Hopes and Impediments, Selected Essays. Doubleday. New York. 1977. (11), (13) Sarvan, C.P. Racism and the Heart of Darkness. The International Fiction Review. winter, 1980. International Fiction Association.

Accounting Principals :: essays research papers

MemoIn any business no matter how big or small pecuniary asseverations are crucial if achieving success is the ultimate goal. There are three main types of financial statements, they are Income statement, balance sheet and statement of proprietors equity. All three of these financial statements can be looked upon to see where changes can be made in a company to ensure better success.The income statement is important because it presents the revenues and expenses allowing a company to see the net income or net loss. It is prepared by simply subtracting the expenses from the revenues. The balance sheet however is critical in reporting the assets, liabilities and possessors equity up until a specified date. When preparing this financial statement a company simply takes all of their assets (cash, accounts payable, supplies, equipment etc.) and adds them to find oneselfher to get a total dollar amount for all assets. A company also takes all liabilities and owners equity and adds the m together as well. This enables the company to get a total dollar amount for all liabilities and owners equity just as it can with assets.The statement of owners equity is a simple statement that summarizes the changes in owners equity for a specified period of time. It is calculated by the simple formula of Beginning owners equity + additional investments + net income - drawings = ending owners equityThis financial statement allows the company to see if they are increasing, maintaining, or losing owners equity.All three of these financial statements have an interrelationship with one another because each statement uses the numbers from the preceding statement. For instance the statement of owners equity could not be determined without the having the income statement. The reason for this is because one must know the net income/net loss for determining owners equity. Also the balance sheet could not be formulated without having the statement of owners equity because it to is needed when determining total liabilities and owners equity within the balance sheet.

Effect of fluoride ions on corrosion behavior of nickel Essay

1. IntroductionTitanium alloys are very reactive materials and reacts instaneusely with oxygen, forming an oxide film, which give them excellent anti corrosive properties . Thus, titanium alloys have prove to be the most tissue compatible inorganic materials, especially for dentistry .Nickel-titanium wires, which have a near equiatomic composition, were introduced to orthodontic clinical use by Andersen and colleagues in the early 1970s . They have been highly popular in dentistry because have a much spurn elastic modulus and wider elastic range than otherwise orthodontic wires much(prenominal) as those composed of beta-titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium-nickel . NiTi alloys have excellent biocompatibility with living tissue and corrosion resistance in various simulated remains fluids . These properties originating from the spontaneously formed thin oxide passivation layer mainly consist of TiO2 .For patients with orthodontic fixed appliance, mouth rinsing with fluor ide-containing products is an effective method for the prevention of caries because such appliances have complicated morphologies . However, reduced corrosion resistance of pure titanium and titanium alloys in fluoride containing environments that attack the protective surface oxide layer and cause hypersensitised reactions to NiTi wires after insertion had been reported . The corrosion resistance of pure titanium and titanium alloys largely depends on the fluoride engrossments . Some studies concerning the corrosion behavior of titanium alloys in fluoride containing environments have been reported . It is claimed that the fluoride containing solution with fluoride ions more than 20 ppm may destroy the protective oxide la... ...tive layer increases.5. ConclusionsThe corrosion resistance of NiTi was studied in ringers solution for different chloride ion concentrations. Our results show that the increasing of the chloride ion concentration can accelerate the corrosion of NiTi alloy . The OCP values in KCl and NaCl contained solutions are less negative at lower concentrations than in higher ones and the resistance to corrosion decreases as the chloride concentration increases. According to the EIS analysis, NiTi presents a good corrosion resistance even at higher concentration of chloride ions but the polarization resistance and capacitance value of protective oxide layer decreases as the concentration of ions increases. Acknowledgements The author acknowledges the Shiraz University, school of materials science and engineering for the financial supports. (Grant no 89-GR-Eng-58)

Leadership in One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest and Leadership in the Rea

Leadership in One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest and Leadership in the Real World The account of leadership in the ward does not mirror the outside world very accurately, as in contemporaneous society a leader of a society or an organisation is almost always accountable to a person senior to him. This is not seen in the novel, as Big Nurse seems to be answerable to no one, in fact, it is arguable that everyone answers to her. A hierarchy or class system operates inside the ward which can be clearly seen end-to-end the course of the novel. Patients living within the ward be classed according to the state of their moral health or to the condition of which they suffer from. Chief describes the method of discriminating patients from one another Across the room from the Acutes are the Chronics Not in the hospital, these, to get fixed, but to keep them walking the streets (17) Patients are divided into two categories of Acutes & Chronics Chronics are those patients who have a condition which is untreatable, machines with flaws which cannot be repaired (17) and can only be controlled with medical methods. They will spend the rest of their lives inside the ward of the hospital. Patients who are seen as be likely to recover from their illness, and will return to society. Acutes are those patients e.g. Harding, who are seen as being likely to recover from their illness, and will return to society. Chronics can each have full use of their bodies or can be again sub-categorised into Wheelers and Vegetables Those whose movement is impaired to such an extent, they can only move by being pushed around in wheelchairs. Vegetables are patients who, through excessive ECT Shock Shop (18) or through t... ... the rules. Although many countries have abolished the use of corporal or big(p) punishment for serious crimes, North America is one such a country where, depending on the state, a person may face capital punishment by lethal injection, electric chair o r gas chamber. The ward applies corporal punishment in the form of the ECT and it may be argued that a lobotomy is a form of capital punishment because the patient has little or no quality of life left after the procedure, so they might as well have been killed. Ken Keseys One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest mirrors, in the behavior of its characters, contemporary society very accurately and can still be relied on, as a contemporary text, an accurate display of the treatment of patients within a mental hospital today. Works CitedKesey, Ken. One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest. New York Viking, 1962

Game Rental Shop :: Video Games Consumerism Spreadsheets Essays

Game Rental ShopSpreadsheetRent itGames rentalIdentificationTo start my project I have chosen that I would do a spreadsheet for agames rental shop. This shop would be renting out games for people toborrow over a period of 3 nights. If the games are brought back laterthan the due in date then there will be a fine of 1 every night. I debate choosing to do a games rental shop is quite a good choicebeca routine it would involve lots of calculations. I think that excelwould be very suitable software to use for this games shop as it wouldgive me all the calculations and results.I am going to have a stock sheet on excel and another(prenominal) sheet whichinvolves the sales and late charges. I will be calculating things suchas adding up sales and late charges and adding up. Excel is the bestprogram to calculate because I would be development its features tocalculate. Using formulas you can calculate the whole database in asecond.These are the sorts of calculations that we can get from excel Average sales per week Most rented game Adding up the number of rentals in a week functional out the profit Fine charges etc.I can use excel to get results such as the most rentals in the week ofa single game using a bar chart. Get results for the fine charges ofthe week again using bar charts and I can also use a pie chart to seethe best renting backup. Excel also has a function called sort. Ifthere is almost 200 games on my database and next to them it tells youhow many times this title has been rented out then all you have to dois click sort and it would tell you in order of what the best rentingtitle is.Rather than an ordinary database program people prefer spreadsheetsbecause its good for storing and retrieving. It can do calculationsvery fast and efficient. Excel also with the use of formulas is meliorate than word processor or a database program.My end user would use the spreadsheet that I will design. My end userwould be the shop owner who is using this as a super calcula tor andwould help them get good outcomes from the spreadsheet.The end user requirements should be* Fast data search* Accurate calculations* light-colored to use (user friendly)* Everything sorted out by using the Sort function* Get good results and easy to understand themTo get from one sheet to another sheet I will be using macro buttons.

Game Rental Shop :: Video Games Consumerism Spreadsheets Essays

Game Rental ShopSpreadsheetRent itGames rental creditTo start my project I have chosen that I would do a spreadsheet for agames rental shop. This shop would be renting out games for mess toborrow over a period of 3 nights. If the games are brought back laterthan the due in date then there will be a fine of 1 every night. Ithink choosing to do a games rental shop is quite a good choicebecause it would accept lots of calculations. I think that excelwould be very suitable software to use for this games shop as it wouldgive me all the calculations and results.I am going to have a stock sheet on excel and another sheet whichinvolves the sales and late charges. I will be compute things suchas adding up sales and late charges and adding up. surpass is the bestprogram to betoken because I would be using its features tocalculate. Using formulas you can calculate the whole informationbase in asecond.These are the sorts of calculations that we can get hold from excel Average sales per we ek Most rented game Adding up the number of rentals in a week Working out the profit Fine charges etc.I can use excel to get results such as the nigh rentals in the week ofa single game using a bar chart. Get results for the fine charges ofthe week again using bar charts and I can also use a pie chart to seethe best renting title. Excel also has a function called sort. Ifthere is almost two hundred games on my database and next to them it tells youhow many times this title has been rented out then all you have to dois click sort and it would tell you in read of what the best rentingtitle is.Rather than an ordinary database program people prefer spreadsheetsbecause its good for storing and retrieving. It can do calculationsvery fast and efficient. Excel also with the use of formulas isbetter than word processor or a database program.My end user would use the spreadsheet that I will design. My end userwould be the shop owner who is using this as a super calculator andwould help the m get good outcomes from the spreadsheet.The end user requirements should be* Fast data search* Accurate calculations* Easy to use (user friendly)* Everything sorted out by using the Sort function* Get good results and easy to understand themTo get from one sheet to another sheet I will be using macro buttons.

Education Is the Key to a Good and Successful Life Essay

Getting a good education is one of the foundations of living a good manners. Yes of course morals, family, and religion are huge parts of your life, but with bring out a good education youll have a hard time sack anywhere but d knowledge in this world Im afraid. The word education is misrepresented often though, because it does not always mean reading freshets of books and writing tons of papers to get a good grade. No education is learning how to do things the right way at its about basic level, and when you do things right in life you generate successful without a doubt. Sure there are those people out there that beart need their high school diplomas, or didnt need college, and thats just great Theyve been natur entirelyy blessed with strong minds and good skills to tolerate for them in life. But as with most people, life is a learning process and school helps you organize the early years of that process so you support become as efficient and successful as early in life as possible. So if youre thinking about displace out of high school, then you need to think twiceHigh school definitely isnt the most exciting place to spend your youth years, thats a fact But none the less its still important to your life on a huge scale. High school provides you with a general range of knowledge that can be applied through out your entire lifetime. Then in high school you get the contingency to branch out a little more and experience a little bit of everything. This helps you to decided maybe what you want to do when you finally do finish high school and begin the next step in your life.After high school though the possibilities grow so much great for you. College is the general destination for most high school graduates, but it definitely isnt for everyone Some people will continue to college, pick a major, graduate, and become successful in their field for the rest of their life, and thats just wonderful But for others, that may not be the best route to take. A lot of people join the military, because its a good life style to live.The military provides a structured way of life as well as a strong paycheck to live by. Army personnel, whether they be officers or ensigns, never go to bed hungry or cold because what they cant provide for themselves the military will provide for them. Granted this does come at a huge cost. You will serve out the time you signed up for, no excuses, as well as you put forth 100% of yourself (including your very own life) to be in our military. Its a good life style to live, but it also has its price.Also another choice of action would be a trade school to become an electrician, plumber, or other manual of arms labour type of job. These jobs though, compared to just mowing lawns, give you a good education in the field and you can earn huge amounts of money because of all the practiced knowledge and skill required. This way of living is definitely not for those who dont want to get dirty, or for those who are laz y because it is not an unproblematic way to goMany people also just live off their own cleverness. They sell products or invent nifty tools that people acquire and use. These are special kind of people because they work much harder than the others. These kind of people are the ones who started with almost nothing and become millionaires. They didnt inherit the money, all they did was use the mind in their head to get them ahead in life.So before you blow off education, just remember these things If you think dropping out of high school is for you then think again because just finish high school and the possibilities open up before you. The military, trade schools, your own cleverness, or even just college are great choices after high school and they all will provide you with the skills and tools needed to become successful in life. So dont brush off education as a waste of time just because its not the most cheer thing to do, because even though its not fun its still hugely impor tant to your life. Remember that, just remember that.

Frederick Douglass Essay

In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave, Douglass describes the dehu objet dartization of both slaves and slave owners. M any(prenominal) slaves were dehumanized by getting beat, raped and even killed. He has seen many horrid things like the incident with Denbys death and how he had to fight over scraps of food. Douglass not only describes the dehumanization of the slaves, he also talks about how it also changed many of the slave owners that he had encountered.The first time Douglass sees the dehumanization of the slave owners was when he met Mrs. Auld. She had never owned a slave before so she treated him with respect and with kindness. At first, Mrs. Auld is described by Douglass as angelic, kind, and humble. She taught him the alphabet and how to take up. Frederick said, When I went there, she was a pious, warm, and tender-hearted woman. There was no sorrow or suffering for which she had not a tear. She had bread for the hungry, clothes for the n aked, and comfort for every mourner that came within her reach.(pg. 82) However, her husband scorned her for teaching a slave how to read. He influenced her with his corrupt mindset about treating slaves and changed Mrs. Auld from Angelic to demonic as Frederick described. He said, Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tiger-like fierceness.This shows how immensely Mrs. Auld was changed just by her husband commanding her and telling her what was honest in his mind. Once she discovered this new found power, that she has power over another human being, she used it to her advantage and went from being the nice lady that taught Douglass how to read to the lady that would punish him if she caught him reading. Another example of the dehumanization of the slave owners is Mr. Covey. He was a very religious man and was also nicknamed the n****r surf becau se all the slaves that went to him, he emotionally broke, leaving their life even more depressing and gloomy. Mr. Covey was proud of his nickname and cared very much for his re upchuckation.It says in the novel, Added to the rude(a) good qualities of Mr. Covey, he was a professor of religion a pious soul a member and a class-leader in the Methodist church.(Pg. 101) Covey was dedicate to religion and breaking his slaves to build on his reputation that he has. The dehumanizing part is that he likes what he does and how he beats the poor slaves. The novel states, My natural snatch was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died the dark nighttime of slavery closed in upon me and behold a man transformed into a brute this shows how cruel Mr. Covey is that he made Douglass transform. Everything that he learned went away, his slight sense of joy if there was any was now wiped away from him. Douglass also talk s about the dehumanization of the slaves.Branching off from Mr. Covey, Many women slaves were dehumanized by being baby machines. Mr. Covey bought a women slave, Caroline, and her only job was to breed with another man which was Samuel Harrison which was a married man. This is very contradictory because Covey claims to be a man of god when he is doing things like this. Another example of the dehumanization of slaves was when Douglass and his mother were separated when he was born. The slave owners didnt want them to gain affection with each other because they approximation it would distract them from working. In the novel it says, I do not recollect of ever seeing my mother by the light of day. She was with me in the night. She would lie put down with me, and get me to sleep, but long before I waked she was gone.This shows how his mother would walk all the way to another plantation just to see him at night when he was sleeping because she loved him very much. It was very dehumaniz ing when Douglass described what kind of food they had to eat, We were not regularly allowanced. Our food was coarse corn meal boiled. This was called MUSH. It was put into a large wooden tray or trough, and set down upon the ground. He later describes how the children were called to eat the mush like pigs and how they had to fight over the little they had. It was the pick of the fittest. As you can see, dehumanization had an effect on the slaves by destroying them physically and mentally, making them depressed and malnourished, and in some cases, dying. There were also effects on slave owners but not as bold as the ones slaves endured. Mrs. Auld went from being a nice, angelic lady who was nice to everyone and everything to cruel and punishing.

Majestica Hotel in Shanghai?

Majestica was founded in Western Europe and focused exclusively on Europe and the get together States initially, the expansion into china had been on managements agenda since 1999, the opportunity emerged in late 2003, Majesticas proposal to operate the luxury hotel satisfied bikes ambition to build a pre-eminent hotel in Shanghai, but there are 5 issues between Majestica and oscillation. First, the length of contract limit, Majestica asked for a contract term of 55 years, it was based in its typical management contract term in the world, CPS just had been prepared to offer 12 years, it based on the level of licensing in China.After consideration, CPS made a concession, CPS countered with an offer of 30 years, but Majestica insisted that the hotel management contract term should be at least 50 years. Second, pre-opening assistance, CPS couldnt accept Majesticas request for retaining the approval right over all design aspects relating to the hotel, Majestica argued that it was m ake sure that the hotel would be developed as an excellent hotel.Third, name of the hotel, CPS suggested that the hotel be named Shanghai Oceania Majestica Hotel, but Majestica insisted Majestica Hotel, Shanghai. Fourth, the form of the hotel should be defined well. The purpose for CPS, they require the proprietor should have the privileges that have the special access to the hotel and the office use as a hotel room, but Majestica thinks it would make confusion for the hotel management. Majestica really sticks to its philosophy of the hotel management.Fifth, the sovereignty of collective Governance, CPS proposed Chinese general manager would be used in the near future, the number of the expatriate managers should be reduce and local managers trained to commute them, and the equipment purchase in domestic also, but Majestica believes that the competence of the general manager was more important issue than their Chinese background, did not believe the local plenty would have the a bility to achieve the service culture.Besides, Majestica insisted that it moldiness have the exclusive responsibility and authority on hiring general staffing and buying facilities, the owner have not every privileges, also a minority equity position. The management contract is complicated between the owner and the technical supplier, so, inevitably, Majestica and CPS must have to transcend a great deal of times. In these negotiations, if we were Majestica. We would make concessions in appropriate range.As a later entrant and in the new emerging market-China, it must have to be inferior and sacrifice a lot to enter the market and impress customers, especially the communist policy in China and the stack partner-CPS. We will afraid that the extra demand and requirement to CPS will provoke the government negative feelings no matter municipal or the China government. If did that, it must be the most difficult to gain the access to this potential market, even though the contract is so disadvantageous to us. Technically, the attributes of Majestica shagt be doubted. We will insist the professional to maintain and develop our quality.Like the 30 length of contract to prevent the leasing of our tips and exclusive technique of the management the equipments in hotel could allow them make decisions on several items, but the special items should keep to stay the style and the luxury level the staffing would be trained, capable and selected as a fixed rate between foreigner and local people we could make the concession on the general manager and the owners access to hotel rooms, but it depends on the general manager ability not the nationality and try the best not to influence the management we will also try our best to be benignant and friendly in negotiation and arbitration place. Last but not the least, the name to get into the new market is vital, so we will stick our credit and not to change . On the other hand, if Majestica refuses to make concessions, what th e action will we take as CPS?We wont walk away emotionally because the Chinese market is opening to the whole world now it is a good opportunity for CPS to get some more experiences with big caller-up such as Majestica. To make up this business connection, it is not only benefiting for these years, but also help them to find out what kind of position they can be fitted in. In another way to talk about it, the hardest part of this situation is both of them have different operating philosophy. We can say there is not only one way to lead success, however doing the right thing, giving the customers what they expect will always be the same rules for no doubt. Actually, CPS should pay more efforts to understand why Majestica can get on the top place in this industry. And then, they would know why Majestica asks for so many requests. simply if CPS and Majestica get the complete information which both of them should know, they can start to discuss about making concessions. Otherwise, it c ould be a chemistry situation without any reaction as no one takes in others shoes. The brand-new market, the brand-maintaining firm with principles and strong philosophy of managing, the huge investor as the owner of the hotel with jingoistic and hoping to do best in china market with low cost, each of them weave a complex and profound issue which deserves us to debate deeply. It is decisive to think about that how to gain into the new market as a later entrant how to maintain the quality and philosophy against the investor with demands.

Educating Patients on Using Computer for Information

Patient Guide Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 361 Informatics Systems for Nursing Patient Guide to WWW A 28 grade old male, college graduate, was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. He was very concerned with his diagnosis but anxious to know everything about this disease process. He wanted to be knowledgeable on Diabetes and take responsibility for his health. Knowing the Internet could offer him a wealth of information he just needed guidance on how to go about it.He was computer savvy but was not sure what sites would offer him the best information on his diagnosis. With the abundance of information on the Internet, it is very important to develop evaluation skills to assist in identifying quality Webb paginates (Hanson & Hoss, 2008). A credible health site will contain information that is found on current scientific fact. The patient was directed to the site, http//www. diabetes. org. This site is associated with a reputable organization, the Ameri flowerpot Diabetes Association .The site provides contact information at the bottom of the page so you can verify validity of the organization. The site is well organized and retained, a sign of inherent quality. The sources are listed and can be verified in other sources. The goals and purpose of the sponsoring organization is in the, About Us link. There are dates on the pages indicating, when it was created and updated keeping the information current, which is important with health information. This site has racy quality and clinically relevant evidence.A search for Diabetes on Google brought up a site www. everydayh ealth. com/diabetes/index. aspx. This is a commercial site and the information lacked scientific quality. closely of the information given was opinion based. The site states that the information is not for treatment or diagnosis. There is also no contact information given. This site is maintained by a company that supports the consumer and advertising companies. The page had multiple advertisem ents that didnt pertain to Diabetes.This would be a site that should raise concern and suspicion. The Internet can offer valuable information around the clock. However, the right tools to evaluate the information are the key to obtaining information that is correct for you (Anderson & Klemm, 2008). References Anderson,A. & Klemm,P. (2008) The Internet Friend or foe When Providing Patient Education?. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 12 (1), 55-63. Hanson,D. & Hoss,B. (2008) Evaluating the Evidence Web Sites. Aorn Journal, 87 (1), 124-141.

Effects of Globalization on Small Enterprises Essay

The business world has witnessed a transformation in past years. Technological innovations, cultural progress, and connectivity fill all influenced the habits and customs of businesses all across the world. globalisation has been behind this change, fuelling the revolution and shaping the businesses and society of today. Globalization is defined as the process of interaction and integration among the volume, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international pot and investment and aided by information technology.This process has had make on culture, society, business, consumer habits, and more(prenominal). Globalization has similarly had no prorogue effects on humiliated businesses and economists anticipate more effects to come. Globalization is a phenomenon that has been present for umpteen years and has a long history. It really began to take effect after area War 2 this is described as the resurgence of globalization. Certain agreements ha ve driven globalization, notably the North Ameri whoremonger Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which was subscribe in 1994 creating a trilateral contend bloc.Since, globalization has function rampant and has greatly influenced trade, competition, and beautiful businesses. Globalizations impact on junior-grade businesses has been twain negative and positive. This impact can be seen on the macroeconomic take aim and affects gross domestic product greatly, as microscopic businesses guide spaciously to GDP. However, globalization has created international corporations with untold power which has received a plethora of criticism and accusations of corruption and bribery leading to a significant disadvantage for small businesses.However, these days, globalization has find it possible for small enterprises to finally outsource certain tasks, thitherby increasing productivity, lowering prices, and becoming more militant a brightenst their contenders. Ultimately, each country has ri diculous issues when it comes to market globalization and must adopt varied measures to combat these difficulties. Economists are able to project trends using different variables to understand what will come in the future and act accordingly. Globalization has provided solutions to certain problems small businesses faced while introducing parvenue problems in their wake. Effects on the Macroeconomic LevelGlobalizations impact can be felt on the macroeconomic level. The development of integ commitd economies creates changes on the aggregate economy of countries which affects a multitude of phenomena ranging from unemployment to price levels. These changes have an especially impactful effect on small businesses as transnational corporations gift threatening competitors and are able to offer lower prices. Conversely, globalization has to a fault provided large markets with untapped potential. The advantages and disadvantages posed by globalization upon small businesses each have neg ative and positive consequences and shape business and trade today. Globalization breaks down barriers and encourages trade among different countries.This, in turn, provides many new potential customers, suppliers, and partners each with different needs to be met. The increase possibilities can be useful for small businesses to wear new customers and create brand loyalty. However, globalization can also go awry for small businesses. With expansion and rampant trade as the status quo, multinational corporations can infiltrate different countries and eradicate small, topical anesthetic businesses that had once dominated the area. A concrete example of this is the effect Walmart a great deal has on their locales.Ana Kasparian, co-host of the talk show, The tender Turks, asserted, If you bring in a Walmart those local businesses are gone. For instance, after a Walmart unmannerlyed in Chicago, 82 small businesses in the area closed deep down two years. Joe Persky, an economics pr ofessor at the University of Illinois Chicago, illustrated the occurrence saying, No matter which direction you go from Walmart, theres a very high rate of business closures in the immediate vicinity, and the further away you get theres little and less.Multinational corporations, with brand names that are recognized world-wide, become more popular than intimate, local businesses. In this way, globalization can replace small businesses and have a dangerous effect on the security of small business owners. The macrocosm of international markets can be attributed to todays globalized economies and small businesses benefit greatly. Industry Canada reported that in 2002, 84% of exporters were small businesses.This is especially beneficial as technological innovations and change magnitude connectivity have allowed countries to manufacture more goods and services than they can consume and exportation provides a new market for increased consumption of these goods and services. Open trade also allowsfor countries to specialize in the domains in which they have what economists refer to as comparative advantage.When countries specialize in the fields which pose the lowest opportunity court, this increases productivity and minimizes loss, which creates efficiency and synergy for all parties. Globalization allows for small businesses to export. In the past, importing and exporting was only a possibility for large corporations as they could absorb the cost. Now, globalization has become accessible nonetheless to small businesses which allows them to compete on the international scale. Consequently, small businesses are able to focus in the areas where they thrive, producing goods and services efficiently, and positively contributing to their countrys gross domestic product and overall productivity increased productivity is an indicator of a top-notch quality of life. The negative effects of globalization are very much felt most intensely in developing countries.The opening of borders increases emigration from developing countries and it is often the countrys most productive, educated, and innovative members of the population who leave the country to explore opportunities elsewhere. This phenomenon is described by economists as the Brain Drain and can solecism a developing country of the most talented members of their labour force, throwing them into an even larger disadvantage compared to developed countries. This migration direction that small businesses have less human resources to choose from, rendering them less productive. Corporate Money in PoliticsGlobalization has created multinational corporations with power in various countries and enormous wealth. This wealth gives these multinational corporations advantages that many argue are unfair. Corporate money in politics is a topic of wide discussion in the present economic circumstances. In 2010, the court ruled in the case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission that money is governmental speech. This ruling allowed for corporations to provide unlimited donations to political campaigns. Since, many have protested the influence corporate money has on political decisions, saying that corporations donate to politicians to get certain benefits a term coined as legalized bribery.This bribery was revealed in a New York Times investigation which found that a Walmart built in Mexico in 2004 bypassed certain zoning regulations which prohibited any building show up ancient pyramids. The report announced, Walmart was a corrupter offering large pay-offs to get what the law otherwise prohibited It used bribes to subvert democratic governance public votes, open debates, transparent procedures. It used bribes to circumvent regulatory safeguards that protect Mexican citizens from unsafe construction.The most powerful claim in the story was that Walmart used money to gain an advantage against fellow competitors It used bribes to outflank rivals. Small businesses do not have the financial assets to compete with multinational corporations in terms of political donations. Since these donations often have significant consequences in political decisions, small businesses find themselves disadvantaged as they do not have the same financial or political power as multinational corporations. In this way, globalization has had a negative effect on small enterprises. The power disparity creates an uneven footing for small businesses and forces them to remain in the shadows of large, multinational corporations.InvestmentsInvestment is defined as the conversion of money into some form of property from which an income or profit is anticipate to be derived. Globalization has also impacted investments greatly in past years. Since the world has become more connected, individuals and corporations have begun allocating their resources to impertinent investments at a rapid pace. contradictory direct investments (FDI) are defined as flows of money into a countr y that purchase a lasting stake in an enterprise for a orthogonal investor. Now, many people hold shares or investments in companies originating in countries other than their own. These investments are significant as they affect the gross domestic product of countries.Additionally, the face of foreign direct investments is especially beta to small businesses as they do not thrive in this field. Individuals and corporations are more willing to invest in multinational corporations with long histories, reputable names, and monetary excess. Small businesses, which are less populaten, are less likely to receive assets in the form of investments as people view this type of investment as risky since they do not feel they know as much about the company and the future positivity of their investment. This largely contributes to the low survival order of small businesses. Industry Canadas findings reveal that only 51% of small businesses move beyond five years.Contrarily, multinational corporations have much longer life spans. For instance, Coca Cola was founded in 1886 and continues to be a household name and an super profitable enterprise. The lack of foreign or domestic investments in small businesses is hugely disadvantageous to small businesses in the global market and international economy. This is a domain in which small businesses are still far less developed than large, multinational corporations. Outsourcing and PricingIn the past, outsourcing, a means to reduce costs by allocating certain tasks to immaterial suppliers rather than completing the tasks within the company itself, was reserved for big corporations as it was extremely expensive and small businesses did not have the financial assets to take on such a task. This meant that large corporations could greatly reduce their costs of production, hence reducing the price of the good or service and rendering themselves more competitive and even more favoured by consumers over small businesses.These days, that is not the case. Technology has transformed and progressed enormously in recent years. This has allowed small businesses to outsource jobs in a cost-effective manner, which reduces their costs, increases their productivity, and renders them more competitive. Now, outsourcing is a real possibility for small businesses.Outsourcing is often international globalisation has hence played an of the essence(p) role in this phenomenon. much small businesses are outsourcing tasks these days because technology has advanced to the point of professionals being able to work from anywhere in the world, coupled with the availability and accessibility of extremely qualified professionals who have decided or been forced to leave the corporate world, Laura Lee Sparks, owner of Legal Marketing Maven, says. These freelancers come on board as subcontractors and save the small business owner the burden of paying overhead associated with payroll taxes and expenses such as health insurance and workers compensation, as well as the space constrictions that growing a company in-house can present. Small enterprises focus on outsourcing three major types of jobs.The first are jobs that overtop highly skilled, or executive, expertise. These jobs are outsourced to analysts outside of the company who can provide insight into the situation and give constructive feedback. The second type of job that is often outsourced by small businesses is highly repetitive tasks. Menial tasks are outsourced so that the workers of the enterprise can focus on strategic and tactical decisions and focus on the big picture of the company rather than twoer themselves with unnecessary distractions. Lastly, small businesses often outsource jobs that require specialized knowledge. This outsourcing is increasingly important since globalisation has increased competition.In order to survive, and especially to thrive, businesses must find ways to produce goods and services in the most cost effective way po ssible. Consumers are constantly looking to buy the product for the lowest price and the highest quality possible. By outsourcing and reducing costs, small businesses have become attractive options for consumers looking to make a cost-effective purchase of goods or services. In this way, globalization has positively affected small businesses by giving them an avenue to rival against multinational corporations. Outsourcing overseas is even more profitable for small businesses. Products made overseas are much cheaper since the minimum wage laws in different countries vary and are often much lower in certain countries.Additionally, the worth of currency in more developed countries counts for significantly more than the currency in other countries, making the cost of salaries and production much lower. For instance, many American businesses choose to have production operations run in China because of the cost effectiveness of this decision. Wage laws in China are extremely deregulated, allowing businesses to underpay their workers. Although this poses significant moral dilemmas, from an economic point of view, it is very profitable for small businesses who can now exploit this means of saving money. Since this has become an option for small businesses, they have become greater rivals and much more competitive in the international marketplace. Globalization has opened this threshold for small businesses and provided an avenue for increased wealth. Policy Issues and RecommendationsWhen it comes to market globalization, every country has their share of indemnity issues and problems. Canada has three main issues that slow down their SMEs in confronting the challenge of market globalization. offshootly, the Canadian monetary policies have affected the value of the Canadian dollar going in reduced battle.The goal intended for the Canadian monetary policy was to limit inflation, while ignoring Canadas global objectives such as the competitiveness of the dollar on ma rkets and job creation. As a result, Canada has interest rates that are higher than their competitors, which unfortunately creates overvalue in the Canadian dollar. Secondly, increases in investment in both tangible and intangible asset technologies are needed for the competitiveness of SMEs. Canadian enterprises competitiveness, results from the transfer of new tangible production technologies, such as plant and equipment. However, Canada should also gain competitiveness from intangible technologies, such as vigilance and staff training, as well as new forms of internal and external organization.This equal investment of intangible and tangible technologies will result in the creation of partnerships, which in the long run will connect small and large enterprises while provoking innovation and maintaining flexibility among members. Thirdly, access to information is an important factor in that the Canadian SMEs are lacking. SMEs need watchfulness that is well informed about diffe rent markets and international competition, so that human and organizational resources can effectively reply to the opening up of markets.Subsequently, Canadian SMEs need a new macroeconomic policy, an equal investment in tangible and intangible technologies, and access to information about specific markets, in order for them to meet the new challenge of the global economy. The globalization of SMEs has various different implications for policy issues at a national, local, and international level. Below is a table that describes the possible country initiatives suggested for each policy issue on a national and local level. Policy issuePossible initiativeStart-ups and competitivenessEmphasize international competitiveness in start-up assistance and targets. Information accessFirst-stop and one-stop shops that can advise both domestic and foreign clients. ManagementAdvisory consultancy programmes to integrate international advice. TechnologyInternational technology exchange programmes .FinanceExport finance and guarantee programmes.On the national and local level, Canada needs to focus on proper plans, strategies, and policies. As previously stated, Canada needs to focus on their information access, their management, and increasing their competitiveness. Given these initiatives, it is important to focus on programmes that are cost-effective in order to increase international competitiveness and avoid destructive competition between borders. A management and human resource development programme will give training in skills specific to international activities such as export management. For example, the Kunto programme in Finland works by first analyzing the SMEs needs, strengths, and weaknesses, and then teach how to develop export markets.Other programmes such as information access, gives the SME an advisory service to support them with information about regulations, market conditions, etc. For example, the Canadian Business Service Centres provide a central poi nt of contact for SMEs when seeking information, and also work with the private sector. Canada could benefit from these programmes, and many more, when dealing with national and local policies towards SMEs. However, on an international level, SMEs will need to recognize the dynamic of the entrepreneurial engine of ingathering that they provide. SMEs need better development of better infrastructure and once again, finding the best programmes and practice policies. Below is a table that describes the possible initiatives suggested for each policy issue on an international level. Policy IssuePossible initiative Access to information Work toward common standards and formats for the supplying of government information. Access to markets Establish simple notification procedure facing market access problems. Business incorporation Examine future requirements for legal citation of emerging structures. International finance Convene a forum of SME finance-providers to investigate feasibili ty. Competition policy Continue work to establish international comparability and actualisation of competition law principles.General and future trendsAlthough SME internationalization is difficult, based on the eighteen OECD countries, and eight Asian economies, there has been a final analysis made for general trends and key features of SME globalization. Firstly, SMEs contribute between 15 and 50 per cent of exports, between 20 and 80 per cent of SMEs are exporters, and they contribute between 25 and 35 per cent of world manufactured direct exports. Secondly, SME internationalization has been found to be greater in smaller open economies and less in larger, and more self-contained economies.For example, in large economies such as France, SMEs contribute 30 per cent of exports. However, in small economies, such as Denmark, SMEs contribute 50 per cent of exports. Additionally, in countries for which information is available, SMEs have increased their international role. For example , in Finland they increased their share of exports from 17.8 per cent in 1987 to 23 per cent in 1991. Also, approximately 10 per cent of SMEs are engaged in foreign direct investment, and 10 part or more of foreign investment is attributable to SMEs. Lastly, less than 40 per cent SMEs are reasonably protected from any effects of globalization.Now that we know the general trends of all international SMEs we can look at the specific trends for Canadian SME international activity and compare where we stand amongst the general trends of SMEs. First of all it is important to know that there are three main types of Canadian SME exporters. The first is the opportunist exporter, where a firm adopts a mostly activated strategy, with little resources devoted to pursuing international opportunities. The second is the exporting SME in transition, where the firm is in the process of moving toward a more sustained and pursuant(predicate) approach to international activity. Lastly, the professi onal exporting SME is a firm that is committed to sustained international activities, which is a more professional approach. In Canada, about 14 per cent of manufacturing SMEs export products, but most of the products only export less than 20 per cent of their production, and most of that percentage goes to the United States.However 2 per cent of those SMEs have increased their exports to other countries besides the United States, and can be recognized as fully global. Approximately 25 percent of manufacturing SMEs, and 20 per cent of general SMEs are at risk of being directly exposed to increased international competition, and thus unlikely to survive in their present form. The remainder of SMEs which is around 27 per cent, are already exporting or they have export potential, and thus globalization creates new opportunities.After having read the general trends analysis of international and Canadian SMEs, one may ask themselves, what will happen in the future? Unfortunately there is nt enough statistical information to establish a baseline of present level and pattern. However, with the available information, there has been an estimation of likely trends.It is suggested that the level of SME globalization will continue to increase, and there are 5 reasons why it is expected to do so. Firstly, international trade opportunities will increase as a result of WTO (world trade organization) agreements, along with a number of international agreements for trade liberalization and reduction of non-trade impediments. Secondly, as the level of globalization of industry increases, so will the level if SME globalization. Thirdly, there will be a self-generating expansion. The learning-by-doing is likely to help accelerate the process of SME globalization. Furthermore, technological advances in communications and computing will continue to make it easier and cheaper for SMEs to operate internationally. Lastly, globalization of SMEs is not a policy itself, however it is an im portant factor in economic development.Governments can be expected to pursue policy initiatives to increase global competitiveness of their SMEs. These five factors are likely to affect the three main industry groupings in different ways. SMEs in mature conventional industries and markets are likely to be able to grow at a rate slightly exceeding that of world trade growth. Restructuring in the mature global industries and markets is likely to limit the potential for SMEs to grow at more than the rate of growth of world trade. Additionally, the opportunities for international growth in excess of the trade growth rate are most likely to be taken by larger firms that organize smaller and more specialized SMEs. In conclusion, SME internationalization will proceed faster than the rate of growth of domestic SMEs, and it is also predicted a structural shift in richness toward new and niche markets. ConclusionSmall businesses have made many adjustments due to the effects of globalization. Globalization has provided avenues for increased productivity and competitiveness but has also pushed small businesses into dilemmas, including competing against multinational corporations. Small businesses have played a significant role in the makeup of various countries economies and will continue to play an important role. However, now, it is important to study the effects of globalization in thinking of future steps and goals in small businesses. Globalization has had both negative and positive effects on small businesses. More than ever, it is important to learn how to take advantage of globalization and operate in the international marketplace.

Three Kingdom Essay

Analyse the implication during the common chord regions reign in china. The Three Kingdom breaker point consists of the Kingdom of Wei, Kingdom of Shu and Kingdom of Wu. As a single dynasty, the Three Kingdoms Period originated in 220 AD when the Kingdom of Wei replaced the Eastern Han Dynasty which took place in 25 AD-220 AD. The Three Kingdom dynasty ended at 280 AD when the Kingdom of Wu was defeated by the Court of Jin. It is considered to be a special historical period unspoilt of power struggles and sophisticated military strategies, which some methods are still used today in modern warfare.Much can be said to justify their significance during their existence and their affects towards mainland chinaware during their reign. Religion would be one of the factors that contributed in China throughout this period. Buddhism had already arrived in China in the mid of Han Dynasty and brought up of its initiative congregation in southern China at the court of Prince of Chu. Buddh ism was originally introduced in China with the development of the Silk Road when monks travelled with merchants.There was a need amongst the people for a belief with spiritual meanings. Hence, Buddhism took roots in China during this era. This religion was unique from other religions during the time. This new religion covered all people spicy or poor, Chinese or not. Buddhist temples were constructed at heart the three kingdoms and thus millions of Chinese converted into Buddhism and which affected China greatly. Majority of the population in China were Buddhists. Till this day, Buddhism is recognised greatly.Architecture found new challenges in the construction of Buddhist pagodas and temples and in the monastery grottoes in the north. The Yungang cave temples are evident that Temples existed and were built during the Three Kingdoms reign. archeologist proven that these temples were built during the time because of the unearthed relics found on the site of these temples which dated back to the Three Kingdom period. The economy during the reign of these three kingdoms, chaos caused by war between these countries damaged the economic development of the three kingdoms.In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, overly due to natural disasters, the economy was badly depressed, leading to the vast waste of farmland. Because of the clangoring of the imperial court, newly minted coins never made their way into currency. Those worn copper coins were not melted and reminted and many privately minted coins appeared. Due to the collapse of the currency, China officially declared silk cloth and grains as their main currencies in 221 AD. The significance of stance was well reflected during the three kingdoms.Status affected China greatly in the Southern Kingdom. They established a civil service system based on social ranks to determine the value of a person to contribute to the successfulness of the Wei. However, this system failed since the social status of a person and fa mily affiliations would be unfair for those with a higher status, as they are more advantaged to those who are in a lower class than them, much(prenominal) as commoners and slaves. Aristocrats would marry only within their social rank or higher and gained large estates and financial wealth.Thus categorizing Chinese civilians into socio status in either rich or poor. Nobles were given high salaries and were excluded from paying taxes. However, because these rich families can afford education, literature, painting, poetry and culture, these practices became popular which helped their economy rise. The northern Kingdom improved Chinese culture and introduced strict reforms which strengthened the Chinese empire. The emperor of China had many officials and advisors which adapted a unifying Chinese style for attire and accessories, interior designs, landscaping and even cuisine.One of the major significance that affected China was that it was the first Kingdoms to adopt traditional Chin ese as the official language. This affected China immensely as China had now adapted to its own official language which is still spoken today. Despite some of the negative impact of Chinas economy, there were many significant advances on technology and science such as high level of military strategies with the invention of gunpowder for fireworks and gun. Smelting and surface works also became popular and was improved greatly during this period as armies were more gained more power.Improvements in other social factors were also significant such as the invention of the wind mill for irrigation, silk developments in Luoyang and Henan and Shu Kingdoms irrigation and canal system. Machines were also constructed for food processing and transport. Brewing also became more down because of the advances of food processors. Although crossbows had been in use for hundreds of years before this time, its design and model during this era is unknown. The crossbow used during this time period is more likely used in large group of marksmen deployed to fire waves of bolts onto enemies from afar.The crossbow itself has superior range than normal bows. Thus it becomes more commonly used like an artillery purpose than sniping. Crossbows have been in use in China since the Zhou dynasty over 700 year earlier. In the later years, the great strategist and inventor Zhuge Liang had devised a more complicated platform. A multiple bolt firing crossbow and a semi-automatic crossbow was created to be used as an anti-personnel weapon. In terms of population the Wei was by far the strongest, retaining more than 660,000 households and 4,400,000 people within its borders.Shu had a population of 940,000, and Wu 2,300,000. Thus, Wei had more than 58% of the population and around 40% of territory. With these resources, it is estimated that it could raise an army of 400,000 whilst Shu and Wu could manage 100,000 and 230,000 respectively roughly 10% of their registered populations. The Wu-Shu alli ance against the Wei proved itself to be a militarily stable configuration this affected China for more than forty years as the population was unchanging during the time.In conclusive, the significance of the Three Kingdoms reign resulted in Chinas technological advances like weaponry and the invention of the windmill which are evident through secondary sources. Religion also affected China during the Three Kingdom period as it was greatly recognised throughout China which is evident through archaeological structures like the temples that were built. Christina splinter Ung BIBLIOGRAPHY Hucker, C 1975, Chinas Imperial Past, Stanford University Press http//www. chinapage. com/calligraphy/sushi/shu. html http//www. fibforkids. rg/learn/china/architecture/3kingdomsarchitecture. htm http//threekingdoms. com/ http//polaris. gseis. ucla. edu/yanglu/ECC_HISTORY_THREE%20KINGDOMS. htm http//www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/buddhistworld/china-txt. htm http//www. history-of-china. com/three-ki ngdoms/ http//www. chinaknowledge. de/History/Division/jin-arts. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms http//polaris. gseis. ucla. edu/yanglu/ECC_HISTORY_THREE%20KINGDOMS. htm http//www. chinavoc. com/history/threeking. htm http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Empty_Fort_Strategy

Extensive Notes: Role of Operations Management

Business Studies Notes enjoyment of operation instruction Strategic role of operations management- Operations refer to the tune assistes that involve mutation or, much mostly, adjoinion. Applies both to the manufacturing and assistants sector. Turning stabbing materials and resources into outputs of washed-up goods or ingatherings. Qantas operations argon strategically important because most organizational activity comprises the day to day activities within the operation mesh. * apostrophize leadership- Cost leadership involves aiming to have the lowest equals or to be the most price-competitive in the market bug out.Qantas Economies of scale, these argon minimizations of cost because of the size of the business. Standardization, the much variations Qantas services like the types and frequency of the routes the higher slaying cost per unit. Technology, the credence and application of advances in engine room acquitly repair on output signal costs, reduction i n sweat costs. Waste, minimizing waste will deliver the lowest production costs, excess production, underutilization of labour or equipment, faulty or defective production and excess inventory. Goods/service differentiation- this approach does not mean competing on cost that by adding features to differentiate its products or service from its competitors. Qantas, Australias largest air atmosphere offering the most comprehensive field of study and world(prenominal) coverage. City flyer express service room that there ar flights e real 30 minutes in peak periods between the major(ip) capital cities in Australia. Also 76 international destinations. Qantas budget air hose Jet star.Goods and services in different industries- manufacturing- standardized or customized products, perishable or non-perishable products, intermediate goods service- standardized (fast food) or customized (doctors, legal services etc. ) or even self-service. Interdependence with other discern business functions- human resources, finance and marketing follow because of and to support the operations function. However, operations slewnot surveil with out their contribution to and direct participation in the shifting of inputs into the final outputs.Qantas recruitment- for everyone from pilots to baggage handlers and cleaners. Training and development- tonicer planes use up to retrain pilots, support crews and cabin provide to effectively integrate the new craft. Retained faculty- invested heavily in preparation pilots and maintenance staff to the high level required in this industry, so they want to reserve them. Influences Globalization refers to the removal of barriers of trade between nations, creating new market opportunities.Characterized by integration between national economies, transfer of capital, labour, financial resources and technology. Qantas- launching new airlines in Asia, cost minimization to be more(prenominal) internationally competitive Technology i nnovation of devices. Communication, keeping up with competitors, supply chain management, tincture expectations. Qantas- newer planes, newer operational processes, more training required tint expectations- how well designed, made and functional goods argon, and the overall degree of competence with which service atomic number 18 organized and delivered.Qantas- new generation check in, new Q bad tags, newer planes, specially designed menus Cost-based consummation recognizes that prices bottomlandnot keep increasing and cut down cost is a way to maximize profits when revenues argon fixed. Qantas- outsourcing, cleanse to HR practices employing more labour saving techniques, online bookings Government policies political decisions ask the businesses rules and regulations, which in turn, directly affect the management of various key business functions.Qantas- more resources devoted to conformance Legal regulation the regulations that haoma business practices and procedures mus t be followed at the risk of penalty, hence the term compliance. Environmental sustainability environmental sustainability means that business operations should shaped around practices that consume resources today without compromising access to those resources for future generations. Qantas- get new, environmentally sensitive aircraft, recycling, fire conservationCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is an important influence on business and its integrates financial social and environmental goals. Qantas- health surveillance program, energy and water conservation, recycling. * The difference between legal compliance and good responsibility legal compliance refers to business abiding by the word of the law, where as ethical responsibility encompasses a much broader integration of social community and environmental concerns * Environmental sustainability and social responsibly. Businesses argon macrocosm asked to take increasing responsibility for the protection of the environment. The Earth is a fragile form, and of necessity high levels of support and informed intervention so that it may sustain itself. Qantas cultural diversity, reconciliation implement plan is a program, which straines on employing indigenous Australias. Also new aircraft straightway being delivered use slight fuel per passenger. Social responsibility is good business nodes eventually find out which businesses are performing responsibly and which are not. Customers can react and stop buying a businesss product if they learn that the business is exploiting employees, accepting bribes or polluting the environment.Operations processes Inputs labour, Energy, raw materials, machinery and technology (capital equipment) * Transformed resources materials, culture and guests. Are those inputs that are kindd or converted in the operations process. The operations processes transform them. Transformed resources are also considered the resources that enforce the operations process its purpos e or goal * Materials Are the basic elements used in the production process and consist of two types raw materials and intermediate goods. Raw normally substances in their natural asseverate such as mineral ore, timber oil and water. Qantas is the expensive fuel they use. * Intermediate good which are goods manufactured and used in further manufacturing or processing. Qantas examples are the food and ingredients for their catering services, stationary and computers * training is the knowledge gained from research, investigation and instruction, which result in an increase in understanding. The value of information lies mainly in its ability to influence behavior or decision-making.Qantas in individual bookings (information) made by the customers are study and transformed into decision as to which aircraft to use, which services are to offer. * Customers Customers are generally thought of as being relevant to outputs, not inputs. Customers become transformed resources when their choices shape inputs. Qantas customers are transformed by having their location veerd from their scratch range to the new destination. * Transforming resources (human resource, facilities) which are those inputs that carry out the teddy process.They enable the change and value adding to go on * Human resources These are the people who assemble the inputs, go away and maintain the machinery and equipment used in the processes, fulfill the sales function, distribute the output and deal with the customers. Qantas this means everyone from cleaners and baggage handlers to the pilots and sales managers. * Facilities (capital) refer to the plant (factory or office) and machinery used in the operations processes.Major decisions include the design layout of the facilities, the number of facilities to be used, their location and their capacity. Qantas this includes the terminal buildings and their contents, maintenance facilities, spare parts holdings, aircraft, and even computers and motor vehicles. * Transformation processes The main concept of operations processes is transformation, which is the conversion of inputs (resources) into outputs (goods or services). * The influence of volume, variation in demand and profile (customer contact) * Volume Volume refers to how much of a product is made.Volume flexibility refers to how quickly the transformation process can adjust to increases or decreases in demand. Standardized products. * transmutation The influence of variety on transformation processes is the greater the variety made, the more the operations process unavoidably to allow for variation. * Variation in demand a variation in demand can impact significantly on transformation resources. An increase in demand will require increase inputs from suppliers, increased human resources, increased energy use and increased use of machinery and technology.Predicting demand. Qantas, experiences a predictable major increase in demand for school holidays and specia l events. * Visibility Customer contact may be direct or indirect. Direct contact takes the form of customer feedback given by dint of surveys, interviews, imprimatur claims, letters, Indirect feedback comes through a review of sales data that gives an indication of customer preferences and market share data, through an bill of peoples decision-making processes and through consumer reviews.Because businesses try to maximize sales, customer contact is essential and ultimately shapes the transformation processes. Qantas is high visibility because there is customer contact throughout the whole process. * Sequencing and scheduling Sequencing and scheduling are two very important aspects that assist with structuring and prepareing the transformation processes. Sequencing refers to the order in which activities in the operations process occur. scheduling refers to the length of time activities take within the operations process.Qantas flight schedule that a customer sees shows devian ce and arrival times. It also includes making sure that each flight has crews. (pilots, cabin, catering) * Grantt Charts The Gantt chart outlines the activities that need to be performed, the order in which they should be performed and how long each activity is expected to take * Critical path abstract The Critical Path Analysis (CPA) is a scheduling method or technique that shows what tasks need to be through, how long they take and what order is inevitable to complete those tasks. Technology, task design and process layout Qantas a major business expense for Qantas is the terminal, hanger and maintenance space is which the operations process takes nonplus. Optimum process layout at Qantas is where machines and equipment are grouped unitedly by function. This enables Qantas to utilise space and labour efficiently and eliminate bottlenecks. * Technology technology is the application of science or knowledge that enables people to do new things or perform formal tasks in new and better ways.Qantas has facilitated increase productivity, very often by directly replacing human capital. Examples include online check in, online booking, and electronic bag tags. * Task design Task design involves classifying job activities in ways that make it easy for an employee to successfully perform and complete the task. Qantas the break down of the full transformation process into the individual tasks to be preformed. * Process layout The process layout is the ar ladderment of machines such that the machines and equipment are grouped together by the function (or process) they perform. Monitoring, controlling and improvement Monitoring and control lead to improvements when there is a focus on lumber and standards. Qantas involve detecting and discrepancy between planned and actual activity, taking tonic action and intervening to impose new plans if necessary. * Monitoring Monitoring is the process of measuring actual performance against planned performance. Monitoring in volves the measuring of all aspects of operations, from supply chain management and the use of inputs, through to transformation processes and outputs. Controlling Control occurs when KPIs are assessed against predetermined targets and disciplinary action is taken if required. This means controlling compares what was intend to happen with what has actually occurred. * Improvement Improvement refers to systematic reduction of inefficiencies and wastage, poor work processes and the elimination of both bottlenecks. A bottleneck is an aspect of the transformation process that slows down the overall processing speed or creates an impediment leading to a backlog of incompletely processed products. Outputs Essentially outputs are the result of a businesss efforts the final good or service that is delivered or provided to the consumer * Customer service f a customer expresses dissatisfaction with a product on account of it being defective, not butting timberland expectations, finds wai t times/lead times too long or returns the product or makes a warranty claim, then the operations processes need review. Qantas meets the needs of customers. Also has adopted the net promoter sexual conquest as a key measuring of customer service.Qantas closed loop feedback program enables direct feedback from its 1100 support flyers. * Warranties Warranty claims are made against goods that have defects arising from an issue in transformation. Although a small proportion of warranty claims are false, the number of claims made against a business on a particular product line or product range will give an indication of problems in the processing. Operations strategies * Performances preys Performance objectives are goals that relate to particular aspects of the transformation processes.These objectives or targets will be stack so that the business becomes more efficient, productive and profitable. * Quality consumer expectations, which are used to inform the production standards ap plied by the business often determines Quality. Quality of design, conformance, service. Qantas means consistently producing its services to customer expectations, doing things right. Includes, clean and tidy aircraft, staff are courteous, implemental and friendly and their website is user friendly. * Speed Speed refers to the time it takes for the production and the operations processes to respond to changes in market demand.Speed requires that changes in input levels and processing times can be made in receipt to demand. Qantas customer asking for their service and getting it. Things to increase speed of service are booking flights on line, on-line(a) check in, check in kiosks and Q bag tags. * dependability dependability, as a performance objective, refers to how consistent and unquestionable a businesss products are. Dependability, in respect of goods, refers to how long the products are useful before they fail. Dependability refers to consistency of service standards and r eliability.Qantas time departures and arrivals, Qantas has outperformed its rivals in these statistics its dependability has been seriously eroded in recent age because of mechanical failures, and industrial disputes. * Flexibility flexibility refers to how quickly operations processes can adjust to changes in the market. date and flexibility are related the quicker the processing time the greater the likelihood that processes can be adjusted quickly. Qantas ability to respond to changes in market demand, either by changing the products offered, changing the blend in of products, changing the volume of product or by changing the delivery times.Jet Star is Qantas response to the rival of low cost airlines. * Customization Customization refers to creation of individualized products to meet the specific needs of the customers. Services are generally customized, although aspects of services can be standardized as seen in the fast-food sector. Customization means giving Qantas custom ers more options by varying the product in minor ways. It varies its products by offering jet start and a more no frills alternative and offering different classes of seating. Cost Cost as a performance objective refers to the minimization of expenses such that operations processes are conducted as cheaply as possible. Qantas has interest in keeping their cost as low as is compatible with the levels of part, speed, dependability and flexibility that their customers require. * Supple chain management Supply chain management (SCM) involves integrating and managing the flow of supplies throughout the inputs, transformation processes (throughput and value adding) and outputs to best meet the needs of customers.Supply chain management refers to controlling the flow of supplies though Qantas whole operations process from sourcing the raw materials like fuel to final delivery to and service of the service. change magnitude transaction speed and increased customer satisfaction. Inventory is a major expense in the operations process. Raw materials such as fuel must be sourced and purchased, they must be investment firmd and be available, they must be moved and they must be transformed. * Global sourcing modern operations involve increasing levels of global sourcing obtaining suppliers with out being constrained to local anaesthetic sources.There are some risks involved because of changing exchange rates and coming under laws and customs, which apply in other countries. Qantas has employed some pilots in New Zealand and some cabin staff in Asia at lower wages that paid in Australian and has some engine maintenance carried out in Malaysia on a cost benefit basis. * E-commerce This is simply buying and selling on the internet. This technology has had a major impact on SCM. It has re lay time consuming and costly manual processes of the past.It provides for real time information on Quantity, Quality, availability, source and price of all goods and services to be instan tly accessible from a range of suppliers local and international. * Logistics this is the task of ensuring tat Qantas has al the Physical inputs in the quantities needed in the right place at the right time (e. g. pilots, cabin crew, baggage handling, maintenance and catering) for the operations process (fights) to take place undisrupted and hence at optimum efficiency. * Outsourcing Outsourcing involves the use of outdoor(a) providers to perform business activities.The theory behind outsourcing is that when an external provider that specializes in a particular business function performs a service, it will do so at a lower cost and with a greater effectiveness than the same task done within the business hierarchy. * Advantages of outsourcing for Qantas * Saving capital outlay-factory space and machinery are provided by another business at their expense * Saving in labour-staff management and expenses are born by the other business * Increased dependability- more than one external s upplier can be accessed, thus ensuring security of supply. Saving in cost- the other business can provide the input at a lower price than it can be done in-house. * Access to higher level skills- the other business contains skills that do not exist in-house * Increased flexibility- variations in demand are managed by other business * Saving in management- having set up contracts, management can concentrate only on the tasks it does perform in-house. * Disadvantages of outsourcing for Qantas * Dependency-the operations process is now dependent on another party for supply of inputs failures in that external supply chain can cause major internal disruption and expense. Loss of control and security- there can be harm in control of standards and vulnerability to proprietary and patent data and information accessible by the supplier * Quality- control is no longer exercised over the inputs used by the outsourced supplier * False economy- outsourced inputs can become more expensive over t ime so constant review of the decision is warranted * Cost- the one-off expense of redundancies to staff no longer required is an offset to the savings from outsourcing. Technology Technology in the operations function may be classified according to whether it applies to and improves inputs, transformations processes and outputs or whether it makes the managerial and administrative functions smoother. * starring(p) edge Leading edge technology is the technology that is the most advanced or innovative at any point in time. Operations managers can distinguish their operations processes by utilizing the best available technologies. This can aid businesses to create products more quickly and to higher standards, with less waste, and also help a business to operate more effectively. Established technology Established technology is the technology that has been developed and widely used, and is simply real without question. Such technologies include the use of computers and various soft ware packages in managing business operations and functions. Established technologies are functionally sound and help to establish basic standards for productivity and speed. Qantas was one of a number of airlines who placed advance orders for the new airbus A380, but they opted to make sure they were NOT the airline to receive the very archetypical one. Inventory management inventory refers to the raw materials, work in progress (unfinished goods still undergoing the transformation process) and finished goods held by the business at a point in time. The extent of these holdings is an important operational strategic decision, because they represent significant capital outlay (cost), which is yet to yield revenue. To hold excess quantities adds additional cost on production, but to hold too little can result in disruption to production and loss of sales because customer demand cannot be met.This is more of an issue for manufacturing businesses than for Qantas because they do not sto re product to meet customer demand like a manufacturing one does. Inventory management is the system that manages the ordering, storage and recovery of the material inputs used in production. * Quality management Quality management refers to those processes that a business undertakes to ensure consistency, reliability, safety and fitness of purpose of product. In operations, quality management includes quality controls at each stage of processing.Qantas has marketed as a high quality, perfect safety record, full service airline and commanded premium fares at the other end of the spectrum is jet star which has traded quality for price and markets as a no frill low cost airline. * Quality control programmed inspections are carried out at key stages of Qantas service (on a continuing basis) to ensure the process is meeting specified standards. If not, then management intervenes and corrective action is taken to bring the process back within standards.It attempts to solve the root cause of Quality problems at Qantas * Quality assurance the minimum level of satisfactory quality at all stages of the process is continually monitored at Qantas by actual measurement and comparison against pre-determined standards. It attempts to broaden the organizational responsibility for quality at Qantas. * Quality improvement Maintaining competitive advantage is not only a matter of maintaining quality of output the aim must be to improve quality over time by reducing error, and finding better ways of performing the tasks leading to lower cost or higher quality at the same cost.All staff are invited to participate with suggestions and ideas. It also involves Qantas customers and suppliers. It attempts to make quality both substitution and strategic within Qantas. * Overcoming resistance the change. All businesses are subject to change from the external environment. Legislative and regulative changes, changes in economic conditions, social changes over time and technological bre akthroughs all impact on the business and shape its operations.Moreover, change can also come from within the business through the initiative of staff or the application of technology and a focus on innovation. * Financial costs One major cause of a resistance to change from managers and business owners is that of financial costs. The main financial costs associated with change include the, cost of purchasing new equipment, cost of redundancies, costs of retraining employees, costs associated with structural reorganization of the business, including changes to plant and equipment layouts. Purchasing new equipment Qantas plan to spend $US 22 billion in new technology and equipment between 2011 and 2018. * Redundancy costs to implement staff reductions incurs mandatory redundancy payments to the workers retrenched. The alternative to redundancies is to bank on attrition and recruit casual and part time workers. * Retraining costs significant change incurs retraining expenditure. The adoption of the new reservation system, introduction of new business class, annual security training and engineering and maintenance for are aircraft. Plant layout cost acquiring new aircraft requires re-organization of maintenance operations to seek increased capacity and efficiency. Jetstar is replacing Boeing 717s with airbus A380s so a new heavy maintenance base becomes necessary because the existing one cannot accommodate the larger planes. The A380 also requires refurbishment of the Qantas Jet base. * Inertia the unenthusiastic response of some managers, some staff and even some of the owners is an impediment to change and will be discernable and will have to be overcome.

Sonveyor Belt project part6 Essay

You have received revised estimates for the remaining activities at the oddment of the fourth quarter -Prototypes will be completed on 3/8/11-Serial I/O drivers will be completed on 6/30/11-System hardware/ software test will start on 7/11/11 and compact a leak 25 age -Order circuit boards will start on 8/8/11 and take 5 age-Assemble preproduction model will begin on 10/14/11 and take 18 old age -Project documentation is expected to start on 8/8/11 and will take 55 days -Network interface is expected to start on 8/8/11 and will take 99 days -Shell is expected to start on 8/8/11 and will take 55 days-Integrated acceptance testing is expected to start on 12/29/11 and will take 54 daysYou have received revised estimates for the remaining activities at the closure of the fourth quarter as given in Part 6 of the Conveyor Belt pop the question in Appendix 2. Enter the revised estimates in the start dates, closing dates and durations into the Gantt Chart/ Table / doorway view in the respective columns. This will result in revised estimate of the project completion date.Part 6 (Status Date January 1, 2011)1.There is no need to change the status and current date from what was act earlier, i.e., January 1, 2011. 2.Enter the new status information for the project in the Tracking table. 3.Produce and copy/ paste the Earned cheer Report, Earned Value Cost Indicators Report, Earned Value Schedule Indicators Report and the Tracking Gantt Chart into the playscript document. 4.Answer all the questions given in Part 6.

Exposure to Conflicting Ideals Can Weaken a Person’s Sense of Self Essay

Standing at a crossroad, some turn left while others turn right. depart you still choose to go straight even if nobody chooses so? Will you still reckon in your beliefs if your values are being strongly challenged by the main stream? The ideal financial statement is that one should be steadfast in his/her beliefs However, in reality, exposure to conflicting ideals can cause quite a little to lose sense of self. To settle the conflicting ideals in order to belong predicates to sacrifice ones own beliefs. As human beings are primary gregarious animals, the impulse to belong is strong.One, who holds different values, go away feel alienation from the majority. Consequently, he or she needs to succumb to the main stream in the accredited group which he or she wants to belong in order to gain acceptance. Hence, the original, or say the legitimate images of them are obliterated and transferred to fake, too, unstable images. Theresa McTerry, one of the characters in Bombshell written by Joanna Murray-Smith, is so an exercising of such kinds of sight who sacrifice their own identities for the sake of social acceptance and validation.Theresa lives in the contemporary terra firma which has witnessed much advancement, yet, she holds a bygone tradition which she persists can provide her the sameness with other women in society. Her aid of the alienation overwhelms her limited netherstanding of the dark undercurrents that lie beneath the surface of the failed marriage. In the conflicts of feminism and the male-orientated tradition, Theresa, along with those women through the man-dominated ages, has compromised their own identities for the chance to belong to the hallowed institute of marriage.For some, being constantly exposed under public scrutiny can distract their expectations to social expectations. For the sociable animals who also need to seek for psyche fulfillments, human beings always find it hard to achieve the twin goals of social cooperation and perso nal satisfaction. Facing the conflicts among these two, people always tend to let the social expectation play the role of self-expectation as they occupy more about the affirmation from other people in the same group or the society.No doubt, this can promote an inevitable loss of self. Meryl Louise Davenport, another character in Bombshell, who pursues the traditional domestic roles, whole creates herself a fragmented existence in which she has no room to reflect her own life. The performance of an tolerable mother as well as a lovable wife is, from her perspective, a constant assessment by the public, children, teachers, and by other mothers.At the constant bombardment of expectations of women from the society, Meryl, a woman, mother and consumer, is bewildered and has a fragmented view of self. To sum up, individuals are likely to assimilate themselves to the majority when experience some sorts of conflicts. In the purpose either to belong or to satisfy others expectation, co nformity always seems to be essential for people to cooperate in groups and society. Hence, ego identity for each individual is always attenuated when exposed to moot ideals.

Great Corn Laws Debate

Given their numerous wars with France, Protectionists as well argued that Great Britain had some public debt that would need o be repaid and this would be done primarily by dint of taxing the farm land. Since the land possessors taxes would be going up the stabilized commodity prices were thought to help scratch their increased taxation. The last argument and most important according to the protectionists is in regard to national security. If thither was no Corn Law, hence Great Britain efficiency become dependent on strangeers or enemies for their regimen supplies in the event they cannot produce enough for their own demand.The protectionists warn that calling partners can cut arrive at supply at any take inn time and it is necessary to be independent when it comes to the food supply. The free-trade convention had a differing opinion from the protectionists. Represented mainly by the manuf turnuring owners and eventually the pressers, they argued that artificial corn pr ices drove up prices everywhere else In the economy. Bread cost to a greater extent to buy and food was the main expense of the labor illuminate. Along with food rising so did the labor costs across various sectors such as manufacturing which In turn made them more expensive compared to their competition In other countries.The free-trade crowd too noted that protected agricultural price laws were driving p demand for the land which normally wouldnt be used In agricultural production. This Is seen as a competitive disadvantage because It would take a delegacy manufacturing opportunities which whitethorn help Great Britain globally. Great Britain lawmakers concede there will be dependence on foreign countries for a food supply and the free-trade crowd points out the fact Great Britain Is wasting resources on growth commercial land for farming.The free-trade crowd also makes the argument that national security would not be In Jeopardy because trade partners would be dependent on the manufactured goods Great Brutal supplies and that loud give them leverage to remain viable trading partners. Given the arguments above It Is pretty clear that Robert Peel had a big decision to make. On one run, Britain was the worlds leading economic major power and had attained this by organism a protectionists economy but at the same time these polices were harming the labor associate through high priced goods, higher rents along with lower or no wages.Something had to be done to reverse this and there was ontogeny opposition to the Corn Laws by the day. A political action group called the League was formed and back up the free-trade agenda along with becoming a voice for he labor class. Through the League, more and more power was able to shift away from the landowners and Into the manufacturing owners along with the laborers. The League needed support from the labor class and they pretty much won them rising pressure from the citizens. By repealing these Corn-Laws many in power might generate seen Peel as a radical for doing this but will eventually come well-nigh and praise him.I didnt see any mention of Peel being a farmland or manufacturing owner so he literally had no hidden agenda other than do what was best for Britain. By participating in free-trade instead of protectionism, Britain could reallocate sources effectively as mentioned by Adam Smiths assertion of if a foreign country can supply us with a commodity cheaper than we ourselves can make it, break out buy it off them with some part of the produce of our own industry, employed in a way which we have some advantage. The Adam Smith quote to me pretty much tells the story.Since Britain is perceived potently as a manufacturer then it is more prudent to be known for manufacturing and not for defend grain trade. Through free-trade, Britain should be able to acquire the additional food for the citizens by importing from trading partners. There are implications for these actions but in the e nd the market always seems to prevail. Short term implications for Peels decisions could tolerate the agricultural industry itself in shock initially given they are now competing globally and there wont be a fixed price for commodities.This would bring down food costs for the citizens but whitethorn also cause some of the farms to cut Jobs because of protected get dressed prices that are significantly higher than the US prices in the appendices. The farming industry in this time period more than likely looked like the 2008 pecuniary crisis in the housing market in the short term. Rent for farmland couldnt be paid because of crop supply and demand being out of control due to Mother Nature yet the set structures for rent and crop pricing didnt really account for this.This short-term farming depression might have spread into the other sectors initially but over time I see the markets coming in to balance things out. Once the government is out of the way in terms of regulating the m arket, the invisible hand is able to lop. Long term, land that is not suitable for farming is now used for manufacturing in Britain which in turn leads to more Jobs being created. Competition for agricultural commodities brings down food prices for the labor crowd which then puts money back into the economy.Long term trends would also show trading partnerships develop across allied countries provided they work out appropriate trade arrangements and trade with each other based on their own comparative strengths. I would also note in the long term, more power is shifted between the landowners to the labor class giving them a voice in the long run. Part of this whole debate in my eye comes down too power grab. Atone point, protectionism made sense for Britain but later on it fair(a) ere out of control.The manufacturers eventually saw the light and conceited on protectionism but the agricultural sector did not. The power seemed to blind the landowners and mask what was going on. Pric es across the board were rising on everything except the agricultural commodities and the laborers were get tired. The laborers eventually received a voice by Joining forces with the League and helped move Britain towards free-trade in my opinion. I believe Robert Peel saw this momentum along with the destruction the protectionism caused by stifling competition and had to act by repealing the Corn Law.