The Conflict between the Individual and the Society in A Rose for Emily

One of Faulkner’s most famous short story, A Rose for Emily is based on the theme of the stark conflict between the individual and the impersonal voice of the community. To emphasize this idea, the story is rendered through the collective point of view of the community that includes Miss Emily.Not accidentally, the plot of the story is set in a small town, where the relationship between the individual and the society is a very tight one. Moreover, the narrator of the story locates himself or herself among the people in the town and even speaks in the first person plural, maintaining therefore a collective view of the events.The heroine of the story appears therefore even more singular and isolated, when regarded through the inquisitive lens of the community. The complex relationship between the individual, Emily Grierson, and the society, is emphasized in several ways.This conflict arises because Emily, an aristocratic woman of a high social standing, rejects all the social no rms and conventions and enshrouds herself in her own fantasies and obsessions instead of actively participating in the social life.The psychotic mind of the main character is therefore opposed to the gossiping community, which is limited to the role of a witness in this story. The reason for Emily’s power is precisely her madness which also gives her an absolute and lawless freedom of action.What is striking is that Faulkner draws the portrait of a disturbed and obsessive individual, by setting it at a distance from the reader’s immediate perception.If, in most of his novels, Faulkner employs multiple point of views and the technique of the streams of consciousness to narrate the events, in A Rose for Emily the protagonist is analyzed from the point of view of an entire community.The perspective that the townspeople offer on Emily’s story is, however, equally unreliable. Miss Emily is described from the point of view of the community as a very haughty person, re spected by everyone on account of her nobility but largely misunderstood.The gossiping, ghostly voice of the town is left outside the premises of the house where the woman isolates herself.   Her refusal to pay taxes as well as all her other whims and peculiarities are accepted by everyone without argument, merely because she is part of the upper, aristocratic social class.When she dies however, the same community is shocked when they realize Miss Emily had entertained a perverse obsession during her secluded life, and had slept with the dead body of her former lover, whom she had poisoned herself.Thus, the struggle between the woman’s desires and the opposing forces is now apparent: she stubbornly holds on to the memory of her father and to the body of her dead lover, unwilling to relinquish her feelings for them. Emily’s obsession first with her father’s corpse and with that of the lover is at the core of a morbid marriage fantasy that is the motif of the st ory.Therefore, Emily violates all the basic principles of her community, beginning with the laws of social interraction–she isolates herself and rejects all human contact- and continuing with tax evasion and even with the concealment of the corpse of her lover, Homer Barron in her own room.She is therefore a murderer or in any case an obsessive or mad individual who nevertheless manages to evade social punishment. Through her, Faulkner draws a vivid portrait of madness and the way in which an individual manages to literary live out the most psychotic fancies in the middle of a normal small-town community. By definition, madness is characterized as a serious deviation from the accepted human behavior.Without being openly irrational or incontrollable, Emily Grierson has a definitely obsessive mind which leads her to react against the laws of society. Her purposeful self-incarceration in her own house and her obvious withdrawal from the normal life of the community points to the conflict between the individual and society.Emily revolts against social norms and chooses to live in her morbid dream instead. She prepares for a ritualistic marriage that she feels she cannot fulfill otherwise than through death.Her seclusion from society is also significant, as she withdraws in the safety of her own fantasy and rejects the assumption of a pre-established social role. The morbid gesture of violence that Emily performs is a poignant rejection of social conventions related to gender and marriage.However, her rejection of social existence does not point merely to the ongoing tension between individuality and community: Faulkner represents here the gap between the individual consciousness and the collective voice.Although the impersonal narrator would seem to forbid psychological inquiry in the story, the voice of the community itself creates psychological tension. Despite her willful isolation, Emily’s madness can therefore only be understood as a reaction to social constraint.The author emphasizes the obsessions that consume Emily as part of her response to social pressure. While the woman lives her obsession is silence and solitude, the society watches all her movements keenly and with undiminished interest.The most curious phenomenon in the text is actually her existence as an individual among the other ordinary people of the community, and the way in which she manages to evade the control of society over her own life.The community described here by Faulkner has a gossipy and even haunting voice that hovers over the household where Emily lives in complete isolation.As the story is told from the point of view of this inquisitive and restless community, the reader gets a glimpse of the way in which Emily Grierson moves quietly on, from one generation to another, closely watched by the members of her social environment.What is curious is that, with all its regulating force, the community fails to control Emily and her madness: â€Å"Th us she passed from generation to generation–dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse† (Faulkner 1970, p. 179).Faulkner emphasizes this fact by referring to Emily’s oddly strong and pervasive influence as a conquest of the social power.In this story, the individual seems to triumph over society and madness triumphs over norm. Interestingly, the murder of the lover is in itself an anti-social act as well as a token of Emily’s obsessive nature. However, the fact that Emily manages to escape social control to a certain extent does not make her a free person.Her marriage fantasy is the token that her behavior is determined, at least partially, by her response to social influence.

Medicine Sources Question Essay

What can you learn from these two sources about Pare’s contribution to medicine? (5 marks) Ambroise Pare was a French war surgeon who worked in a number of public hospitals and helped many times on the battlefields, giving him ‘war wound’ knowledge. He lived between 1510 and 1590. Before Ambroise Pare, soldiers who received a gunshot wound during battle were prone to a lot of pain and suffering. Wounds were burnt with red hot iron called a cautery or would be filled with boiling oil. All doctors knew this was a very painful action but didn’t know any different ways to treat the wounds. This is shown by the picture in source two. Source one shows what actually happened when Pare discovered the improved method for treating gunshot wounds. It tells us that there were many issues to the success of the discovery. The issues include chance, war and printing. It also shows how he thought that the oil and the cautery did actually work. The written source shows that the war was a great help for the discovery. He was working on the battlefield so he could try his new discovery on the patients of the war. Without him running out of oil on the battle field Pare would not have had to make up the remedy of egg yolks, oil of roses and turpentine. The printing helped him spread his knowledge around and let other people know his new method. ‘Anaesthetics alone led to major progress in surgery in the nineteenth century.’ Do you agree? Explain you answer. (15 marks) Anaesthetics make surgery pain free and are available in two forms: general, which makes the patient unconscious; and local which numbs an area of the body. Before anaesthetics there were a number of problems. Surgery was limited to amputations as infection couldn’t be stopped and operations had to extremely quick. Due to the high risk of infection deep internal operations were out of the question and many people died due to the trauma of pain. Some people said the pain was as bad as being like a criminal preparing for an execution. The fear of surgery was immense which meant both patients and surgeons suffered with stress. Operations before anaesthetics had no hygiene measures and ordinary equipment, like outdoor saws, were used. The first form of anaesthetic was by Humphry Davis who made patients inhale nitrous oxide. Crawford Long found out that ether was another useful anaesthetic in 1842. After 1846, the public became more accepted to anaesthetics and on the 21st December Robert Liston successfully amputated a leg using ether in twenty-six seconds, the patient even asked whether they started the operation as it had been totally pain free. In 1847, James Simpson found that chloroform could be used during childbirth, as it didn’t cause inflammation. Having anaesthetics it meant that surgery could be more widely available. With anaesthetic anything from a sore tooth to a tumour could be removed. It would all be pain free, which meant there was less stress on surgeons to carry out quick operations, and the fear of operations was reduced. As operations could take longer they were more successful and death rates lowered considerably and more complex surgery could be carried out. Although there were many advantages to using anaesthetics there were still a number of disadvantages. Many doctors didn’t want to use anaesthetics because people had side affects due to the wrong amount being administrated and some people even suffered overdoses. Some surgeons were also seen as too inexperienced to use it as they had to be so careful about the dosage. Although the fear of surgery had reduced, many people were now scared because during the whole operation, their lives were in the hands of the doctors and so couldn’t stop the surgery until the surgeon wanted to. Although a wider range of surgery could be carried out, there was still no chance of complex heart surgery as the of infection was too high. One of the most important disadvantages of anaesthetics was that no antiseptics had been formed and because longer, deeper surgery was being carried out there was a greater risk of infection. It has been shown that anaesthetics alone did not lead to major progress in surgery. Without antiseptics which stop infection, anaesthetics are not useful as patients are likely to die of infection, and so, antiseptics are useless without anaesthetics as antiseptics don’t relieve pain. Antiseptics are really more important because although during surgery anaesthetics were a ‘dream come true’, antiseptics made sure that the wound was no longer infected. There were many years when there were no antiseptics but a lot of anaesthetics. This led to people not dying from shock from the operation but from the infection from the machinery.

Mattel’s China Experience: A Crisis in Toyland Essay

In 2007, Mattel a California based toy company shockingly recalled 19 million toys that had been manufactured in China. Mattel was founded in 1944, and has produced iconic toys such as Barbie and Hot Wheels. The company had a long established trust with their consumers that had been forged from decades of reliability. However, when the company recalled 19 million toys due to health and safety violations, consumer confusion and outrage soared. The public wanted to know how such an established company’s safety regulations could fail, how Mattel was addressing the issue, and whether consumers could trust Mattel to produce reliable toys in the future. Mattel had been a long time leader in the toy industry. Mattel and its main competitor Hasbro held control of over a third of the toy market, even in an industry with over 900 manufactures. However, there had been shifting trends in the toy industry. New electronics and video games were becoming increasingly popular among older children. Since Mattel manufactured classic toys such as dolls, the shifting trend forced the company to focus on marketing towards young children under the age of 12. While this segment responds well to Mattel’s products, they also are the most at risk of endangering themselves. The younger the children, the more likely they are to put toys in their mouth. This behavior puts children at risk of choking or ingesting harmful chemicals. Even with new adversities in the toy industry, Mattel remained a global leader. As seen in Exhibit A, a SWOT analysis of the company, Mattel had many different strengths that kept it a favorite among consumers. Some of its most significant strengths included its reputable brand name among consumers and its successful marketing of toys through children’s entertainment. Even with changing toy preferences, Mattel was growing internationally. In Exhibit B you can see Mattel’s global sales. While Asia only made up a quarter of Mattel’s sales, they were forecasted to grow 25% annually. Sales in Asia could help combat Mattel’s plateauing market in the United States. The company seemed like it was in a strong position. As early as the 1970s Mattel was manufacturing products in China in order to  take advantage of lower costs and enable corporate resources to focus on establishing the brand. By 2007, nearly 65% of Mattel products were produced in China. Mattel used a combination of company-run plants and a network of contract manufacturers. Exhibit C displays a simplified example of Mattel’s supply chain after moving production to China. Global production obviously had major benefits for Mattel, the country factors of China gave it a comparative cost advantage over producing in the U.S., and outsourcing enabled Mattel to remain profitable in an increasingly competitive toy industry. However, outsourcing does have disadvantages, a global supply chain increases the challenges to regulate and enforce quality. While Mattel had been a leader in safety standard and regulation, even collaborating with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as well as establishing Global Manufacturin g Principals (GMPs) the regulatory standards in place were not thorough enough. In 2007, quality issues surfaced within Mattel as various products were found to contain levels way beyond U.S. federal toy safety regulations. During the year, other issues surfaced with Mattel products surrounding the safety hazard of magnetic pieces used in their toys. By the end of 2007 Mattel recalled over 19 million toys. The recall of such large quantities of product left consumers shocked and demanding to know how Mattel could be so unreliable. The reason for the safety hazards in Mattel’s products was do to their lack of direct oversight of contract manufactures in China. Mattel wanted to cut manufacturing costs and decrease lead time, which resulted in increasing pressure by their contracted manufactures to find inexpensive materials quickly. Under the same cost-saving initiatives, Mattel was increasing the amount of goods at distribution centers making it more difficult to preform thorough quality checks. Had Mattel ensured their contracted manufactures were sourcing from proper suppliers, and preformed quality checks before products went to retailers, the recall most likely could have been avoided. Instead, Mattel set guidelines, and hoped on little more than good faith that they GMPs were followed. Hasbro, Mattel’s main competitor has a similar supply chain in place, but avoided the lead paint crisis due to their commitment to inspection. Hasbro set standards for lead paint that were higher than U.S. regulatory standards, and took proper measures to make sure their foreign contractors were also following the same standard. Hasbro  placed their own quality assurance inspectors on factory floors, and inspects each product again before it went to retailers. Hasbro’s extra commitment to quality helps the company deliver a safe and reliable product to customers. Due to the lack of quality management Mattel announced a voluntary recall of some products. While they did report the safety hazard, they reportedly took months to gather information and investigate the problem before publically announcing it. However, under regulatory rules, even potentially hazardous products are supposed to be reported within 24 hours. Mattel did explain to the customers that the lead paint was due to bad behavior by their contracted manufactures in China, easing many parents minds that Mattel would correct the issue. Then, Mattel actually apologized to regulatory officials in China, taking the blame for the quality management issue, especially since the dangerous magnetic toy component was Mattel’s design. This action left many customers wondering who was at fault and if they could trust Mattel again. While Mattel’s contracted manufactures should have been following the GMPs regulations set by the company, it is ultimately the responsibility of the company to ensure their employees are preforming to the proper standard. Parents just want to be sure that their young children will be safe playing with Mattel toys, even if the child puts the toy in its mouth. Establishing quality checks similar to Hasbro will enable Mattel to deliver a better regulated, and ultimately safer product to their customers. Exhibit D shows how where Mattel should place quality checks in their supply chain. Quality check one will ensure that the materials being sourced meet U.S. regulatory standards, even abroad. These types of checks could have helped Mattel avoid the lead paint recall. Quality check 2 ensures the overall standard of the product; this type of check could have helped the company avoid the flawed magnetic design recall. Having a global supply chain gives companies like Mattel many comparative advantages, such as lower production costs, but also comes with more responsibility to ensure product quality regulations. When Mattel failed to  take the proper precautions to thoroughly inspect their products they put young children at risk of exposure to hazardous materials. While this significantly damaged Mattel’s public reputation, the company can still take measures to improve its process. By implementing more quality inspections throughout their supply chain Mattel can avoid future scandals like the 2007 recalls, and gain back the trust of their customers. Exhibits: Exhibit A Mattel SWOT Analysis Exhibit B Exhibit C Mattel’s Supply Chain Exhibit D Mattel’s Improved Supply Chain Work Cited Vollmer, Sabine. â€Å"How to Become One of the World’s Most Ethical Companies.† How to Become One of the World’s Most Ethical Companies. CGMA Magazine, 27 Mar. 2014. Web. 03 Apr. 2014. â€Å"Toy Safety.† Safe Kids Worldwide RSS. Safe Kids Worldwide, n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2014. Hill, Charles W. L. Global Business Today. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006. Print. Teagarden, Mary. â€Å"Mattel’s China Experience: A Crisis in Toyland.† Mattel’s China Experience: A Crisis in Toyland (2007): n. pag. Print.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Case Study Example The scope of operations of Bank Solutions Inc. identifies the need for security measures but risk assessment of the company’s operational set up identifies security, interoperability, and operations issues that threaten the organization’s ability to implement DRBC plan and safeguard its data. This report analyses issue around the organization’s system, based on results from its internal report, and recommend IT security controls and government regulations and standards that can safeguard the company’s data. Scope of the company’s operations that identifies data in electronic format and the company’s outdated and untested data system identifies integrity, confidentiality, and authentication as major security issues (The United Nations, 2007). This is because the company’s outdated and untested could be inefficient in detecting and preventing possible internal threats. This also raises authenticity, repudiation, and integrity concerns due to possible arbitrary data alteration (Camara, Crossler, Midha, & Wallace, 2011). Confidentiality is also an issue because of company’s laxity in customization and implementation of disaster recovery and business continuity master plan that mean that stored data is susceptible to breach from employees who are not entitled to access and external threats. Such access can only identify malicious intention and breach of confidentiality (Chhabra, 2013) and lack of regulation on data access suggests this. Operational issues are also evident in the case and implementation of Information Technology governance is an example. Effective governance offers leadership for availability and implementation of necessary frameworks for operations and security of a system (Grajek & Pirani, 2012). Assessment results suggest lack of such governance, leading to application of an outdated and untested system. Identified failure by some facilities to customize and implement DRBC plans also shows lack of effective governance

Contemporary Modern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Contemporary Modern Art - Essay Example The essay "Contemporary Modern Art" discovers the modern art. New York is a city of museums, a sight that can be most overwhelming at the best of times. MoMA, the museum of modern art is among the very best of modern museums in the world today. Started in the 1920s by visionaries like John Rockefeller, New York became the hub of the modern art world when the Nazis were taking control of Europe. Initially, MoMA promoted the works of modern artists like Pollock, Warhol, and Arbus, but with time, the museum has grown and has a collection of over 150,000 paintings, sculptures, and photographs. The museum continues to expand even today. The museum has an outstanding collection of photographs from artists of the eras gone by and contemporary. Some of the best photographs can be seen here, including some brilliant portraits by Diane Arbus. Museums preserve noted works of artists. Many such seminal works in the modernist canon base their work on the female nude: Manet’s Olympia, Cezan ne’s Grand Bathers, Picasso’s Demoiselles of Avignon, Henri Matisse’s Pink Nude, Henry Moore’s Reclining Nude. The project of questioning art object’s in relationship to the gallery centers around several assumptions: There is something worth displaying; There is a specific context for display. The cramped basements of museum reveal reputations lost and names forgotten, a storehouse that reminiscence works once given prominence, now no more than an enthusiasm of a specialist or just a historical curiosity. Museums are intended to bring to life a past history to the visitor, therefore in more than one way, the countenance of the museum where arts are displayed, should have prominence too. Galleries such as the Musee d' Orsay and the Tate Galleries in Liverpool and Millbank in London are part of urban regeneration packages, sited in disused industrial buildings, obsolete railway stations, warehouses and power stations. The eccentric nature of the buildings is complimented by remarkably similar displays across the institutions. This is why one gets to sense the presentation of modern art in puritanically regulated white-walled rooms with strategically placed spotlights and humidity monitors, analogical to all modern art galleries across the globe (Meecham and Sheldon, 2000, p.198-99). Museums are the spaces in which histories and the fixtures and fittings of meaning are installed. There is no dearth to the kind of exhibits available across a diverse spectrum of museums globally. The Museum of Modern Art in New York, the first museum to devote itself exclusively to modern art, was founded in 1929, the year in which the stock market crashed and America witnessed the Great Depression. It has been the most influential modern art museum, not just in terms of design and display but in the definition of the art that would be considered modern.

Criminal law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminal law - Assignment Example However, I would state that this was not just manslaughter but ‘unlawful act manslaughter’ as it shall be discussed later. This case is an example of what is demonstrated in R vs. Creamer1. According to this provision, it is indicated that an individual is considered to have committed unlawful act of manslaughter when in the act of carrying out a criminal act, causes another unexpected harm. In R vs. Dawson, the defendant had attempted to rob a certain petrol station. He was carrying a gun ready to use it if need be. However, he did not know that there was an attendant at the station at that time. When attendant saw the defendant, she collapsed and died. However, the defendant did not do anything that would directly be linked to the death of the attendant. The Judge held that this was an ‘unlawful act manslaughter’ stating that the defendant did not actually kill the attendant. However, it was held that he was ready to use his weapon if there would be any re sistance from anyone. He was therefore sentenced to serve several years in jail. This situation is similar to the one stated in this criminal damage article. The defendant though committed unlawful act of destroying the properties did not was not aware of whether it would have resulted in another catastrophe. He had not intended to harm the toddler, but was just driven by emotions to destroy properties. From the article, I would say that stating that the defendant was charged of ‘manslaughter’ was too general. This is because there is what is referred to as voluntary and involuntary manslaughter. The article should have been able to be clear on the matter. If for instance, the defendant was found guilty of voluntary manslaughter, he should have been jailed for life. This is because this would show that actually the man had planned to commit the criminal act. However, as indicated before, the defendant in this article had no aforethought of wanting to harm anyone in the process. It is for this purpose that this article would be said to be too general in assessing this matter. Articles 2 and 3 These two articles are related in the sense that they both refer to a similar criminal act. In both, the arsonists have set ablaze properties, which is an act of crime. However, in the ‘Britain's oldest radical bookshop is burned, but the ideas survive,’ article, it is clear that the suspects have not yet been identified2. It is therefore difficult to tell the kind of sentence that was held by the court. On the other hand though, the third article, ‘Man, 47, charged with arson attack on 1,000-year-old Winchester Cathedral after ancient deanery doors were set ablaze using charity books,’ the police managed to apprehend a man who pleaded guilty of the offence3. He was charged of being responsible for destruction of properties. However, the article is not clear on how many years the individual was to be sentenced. Despite that, the artic le was accurate in identifying the kind of crime that had been committed. In the articles, if the two individuals would be held responsible for committing a crime of Arson. However, according to the common law statutory, a crime is stated to be an arson if, ‘it was malicious and also involves burning of other people’s properties.’ for the man who was apprehended, it is clear that he maliciously committed the act4. Though the

A critical analysis of Uk Teaching standard 2 Essay - 1

A critical analysis of Uk Teaching standard 2 - Essay Example This means that the teacher needs to be aware of the capabilities of the pupils and their prior knowledge (McBer, 2012). From this, the teacher then builds a teaching plan to incorporate these capabilities and prior knowledge of the pupils. The teacher also has to guide his or her pupils on the progress made and focus on the needs that emerge, in the long run. This will enable the teachers to demonstrate knowledge and the overall understanding of the learning of these pupils and how it impacts on teaching. The teacher will also be in a position to take responsibility and a conscientious attitude towards their own work and their study. This mode of teaching is strengthened by the constructivist theory of learning. The theory indicates that learning starts with issues that revolve around the students trying to construct meaning. Thus, for the teacher to teach well, they have to understand mental models for the students to use to perceive the world and all the assumptions to support such models (Coe, 2014). Thus, students have to construct their own meaning not just memorising the correct answers. The teachers also have to demonstrate a good knowledge and understanding of the subject and the curriculum. The teachers have to exercise knowledge of relevant subjects and areas of the curriculum and foster and maintain the interest of the pupils on the subject and take care of their misunderstandings. The teachers should demonstrate a critical understanding of the developments in their subject and the areas of the curriculum that will be important in enabling a better understanding for the pupils (Trainees, 2012). It is important for the teachers to understand relevant concepts in the curriculum that will be beneficial for the oval understanding and knowledge of the pupils. The teachers must develop high level of literacy for the pupils and articulacy in addition to using correct Standard

Deductive and inductive criminal profiling Coursework

Deductive and inductive criminal profiling - Coursework Example Profiling methodologies differ mainly because all profilers are not trained uniformly and they have varying abilities. Basically, there are two kinds of profiling. Each describes different methodologies to this field of study. Inductive Criminal Profiling is hypothetically associated with the formation of a psychological model of symptoms and the ensuing evidence of symptoms. This method essentially entails racial generalizations based on statistics. Deductive Criminal Profiling is the less common technique of profiling. It can be thought of as, very broadly speaking, the Sherlock Holmes process where the profiler retains an open mind and examines all ideas, opinions and assumptions put forth regardless of how prominent the supplier of the information might be. Decisions concerning which person to stop, question and detain based on characteristic generalizations that are either perceived or observable such as race is founded on the inductive profiling method. However, â€Å"even whe n generalizations are statistically legitimate, they can be very erroneous in particular cases.† (Turvey, 1998). If law enforcement agencies implement the inductive profiling method, it serves to mislead the investigative process and adds the factor of pseudo-credibility to the method.

Module 10 World Alliance vs. World ChaosAmerican Foreign Policy in the Essay

Module 10 World Alliance vs. World ChaosAmerican Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century - Essay Example The Vietnam War was never, at any stage of the conflict, popular with the American public and, indeed, the strikes and protests against this war are as much a part of US history as is the war itself. Given the undeniable unpopularity of the war, one can only assume that the United States' leadership had a rationale for involvement in this conflict. Accordingly, in order to arrive at an objective conclusion regarding the United States' involvement in this war, the political and historical context of the conflict shall be considered, following which the two alternate points of view shall be presented for determination of their respective strengths and weakness. The Vietnam War has its roots in the Viet Minh's struggle for the independence of Vietnam from Japanese control during the Second World War. The leader of this struggle, Ho Chi Minh, was a communist national who, although independent of USSR control, maintained friendly and cooperative relations with Moscow. Despite alliance with the Soviet Union, however, the United States actively supported Ho Chi Minh's bid for independence and, in assertion and affirmation of its support, the United States even trained Ho Chi Minh's guerilla fighters, preparing them for the seizure of their country and the declaration of Vietnam independence following World War II. Following Following the surrender of the Japanese Imperial Army in World War II, several factions emerged, demanding control over an independent Vietnam. The Japanese, however, awarded the Viet Minh control over the country and, on 2 September 1945, Ho Chi Minh declared his country's independence from French colonialism, expressing his confidence and hope in US support. There were several reasons for Ho Chi Minh's confidence. The first was the support which the United States had extended him in the training of Viet Minh guerillas. The second was the United States' opposition to European colonialism and support for independence. In other words, there was a string foundation for Ho Chi Minh's belief that the United States would support his government. The United States' international relations' priorities and agenda, however, underwent a significant shift following World War II and it did not support the Viet Minh. The Cold War had begun and the United States, who perceived of the world as being divided into two camps, the communist and the capitalist camps, was determined to curb the power of the Soviet Union. It saw the Soviet Union as a real threat to the West, to the United States and was utterly convinced that should it allow Vietnam to fall to communism, it would be directly contributing to the growth of Soviet Union and would be facilitating the domino effect, wherein one country after the other would fall to communism. The United States did not simply change its strategy vis--vis Vietnam and its earlier support of Ho Chi Minh, but went to war in order to ensure that Vietnam did not fall to communism, hence Soviet influence. Leadership of Vietnam became indeterminate. The United States was opposed to ho Chi Minh and Moscow supported him. Eventually, in the Geneva Conference of 1954, the country was partitioned until such a time hen national elections could be held and decides upon leadership. The United States chose Ngo Dinh Diem, an avowed anti-communist as the leader of

Land Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Land Law - Case Study Example In this case study, the facts to be observed is with regard to provisions of Land Registration 2002 which was operationalised from 2003. Section 29 (1) of the Land Registration Act 2002 states, interalia, "if a registrable disposition of a registered charge is made for valuable consideration, completion of the disposition by registration has the effect of postponing to the interest under the disposition any interest affecting the charge immediately before the disposition whose priority is not protected at the time of registration." (Disposition of Registered Land. 2002). The aspects of restrictions, as is evident in this case study are found under Sections 40 and 41 of Land Registration Act 2002. Section 40 circumscribes the circumstances under which certain restrictions could be imposed with regard to mortgage and they seek to place restrictions on the making of any entries, either for a specified or unspecified period of time or depending upon the happening of any event. The law under Section 40 (2) states that "A restriction may, in particular (3) Without prejudice to generality of subsection (2)(b)(iii), the events which may be specified include- (a) the giving of notice,(b) the obtaining of consent, and (c) the making of an order by the court or registrar. (Notices and restrictions. 2002). In this case of Nicole and Silky Smooth Limited, it is seen that the following restrictions were placed by the mortgagee (lender) Silky Smooth Limited while negotiating a Registered 1st Charge on the property of Nicole, the mortgagor as pre-conditions for giving of the loans: 1. She would be the sole supplier for the Nicole's beauty product Company until year 2034. 2. There would be no repayment of the loan amount of 100,000 from the loanee, or demands from loaner for a period of 25 years. 3. The interest rate would be at 3% more than the prevailing bank rate. The effect of these registered charges now binds both the mortgagee and the mortgagor as per Section 40 of the Registration of Property Act. The aspect of "restrictive covenant "that was seen in the case of Tulk v. Moxhay 1848 and it is said that this established that the burden of a covenant which was restrictive in nature could run with the land', despite privity of contract. (Tulk v Moxhay (1848). 2006). The aspect of higher interest rate that is seen in this case study cannot be termed as unconscionable since as per the legal framework, there are no restrictions on the rate of interest that may be charged on mortgages, and in the absence of disagreement or protest on the party of the mortgagor regarding higher interest rates, there is a valid agreement. (Are there limits on the interest rate that can be charged: (How to know your rights and obligations as mortgagee (lender) 2006). Thus it could be seen that as per Section 40 of the Registration of Property Act, once the restrictions have been registered as charge, as is evident in this case, it should be enforceable on the parties and except,

Should Rich Countries Help the Poor Countries Essay - 1

Should Rich Countries Help the Poor Countries - Essay Example The roots of terrorism can expand to the rich countries which may affect them. Hence for the betterment of these rich countries only it is necessary that they help the poor ones. Thirdly if these rich countries help the poor countries they would be able to have good terms with them and this can help them in increasing their consumer base. It is seen that the population of these third world countries constitutes a large part of the population of this world. Hence if a rich country helps these poor countries they can be assured that their products are being used by the consumers of these poor countries. Hence the economy of the rich countries can also be improved because of this very reason. The opponents of this view on the other hand present with opposing points. The opponents propose that rich countries should not help the poor countries because of the fact that these countries may become stronger and may pose a threat to them in the future. The poor countries may become strong enough to build a military base which can be then used for malicious purposes. In other words, it can pose a threat to the whole world. Secondly, they also propose that the money sent to the poor countries can rather be used by the rich countries for their own betterment. The rich countries should rather use this money for their own people. This would help these people to benefit in terms of finance. In other words, people suffering in these rich countries should be the first priority of these rich countries. Thirdly it is noticed that even if the poor countries are helped by rich ones the money is not utilized in the right place.  

Activities of the Ku Klux Klan Essay Example for Free

Activities of the Ku Klux Klan Essay With the Civil War over and tensions still high between the south and the north; the country saw a rise in violence against African Americans. Those in the south still didn’t believe blacks rated the same as them. In this paper I will discuss the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the activities the Klan participated in, and the eventual fall of the Klan. After the Civil war ended many southerners still had the belief that the Blacks were not equal and should not be put in the same class or jobs as white men and women. With tensions rising violence began to break out and Blacks were the main target as well as anyone that was assisting the Black community. On December 24th, 1865 six confederate veterans got together and formed the first Klan. To historians the Klan was formed as a post Civil war insurgent rise that was fighting against the dramatically changing social situation our country was facing. The Klan used public violence against blacks as intimidation; attempting to keep them out of jobs and off the land that whites believed they did not and should not own. To the Klan Blacks were a inferior race and should stay that way; working for whites as a labor force. As the years went by the Klan attempted to create a hierarchy with the various chapters in the south, however the plan failed and the various chapters went on to terrorize their areas and settle feuds that were boiling. During the time of the Klan, the members acted in many differing activities. The Klan choose to ride at night and use the darkness as their ally as they terrorized the black community. When they would ride at night they often dawned white masks to mask their identity from the community, mainly for the simply reason that the members of the Klan were often high ranking officials of the military or of the community. When the Klan would ride they often targeted black political leaders as well as heads of the families, along with the leaders of the churches, and community groups because these men and women were a icon in the community. The Klan was also against blacks voting, in a matter of weeks that Klan had killed or wounded over two-thousand black voters in Louisiana before the Presidential election of 1868. By 1868, just 2 years after the creation of the Klan its activities began to fade and die down. In 1870 the government stated that the Klan was an organized terrorist group and began to indict members of the Klan. A reporter in Georgia wrote in January 1870, A true statement of the case is not that the Ku Klux are an organized band of licensed criminals, but that men who commit crimes call themselves Ku Klux.† (1) As the Klan decreased its unpopularity also shot down, in 1870 the Klan was destroyed in South Carolina and discriminated against in the rest of the south. In 1872 the Klan was completely disbanded and didn’t come back till 1915. In conclusion, the Klan was a group of men and some women that still held the beliefs that the black community was underneath the whites. They did not see them as equals and did not agree with what the north was trying to do after the Civil war. In the beginning the Klan was strong and had nearly 550,000 members that terrorized the south, but the lack of leadership and differing views ultimately led to their demise and eventual destruction of the Klan.

Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Analysis of Profitability Ratios If a company shows good profitability then the shareholders can expect good profit distribution on their investment. For this purpose we should also examine the dividend payment history of the company in order to make a reliable estimate of profit distribution. So far as the Spectrum Manufacturing Company [SMC] is concerned, its profitability is decreasing. The reasons of the decrease in profitability are: Decrease in sales Increase in interest expenses Increase in the amount of depreciation [may not be a concern, since it is non cash expense. Further increase the depreciation will ultimately decrease tax liability] The disadvantages of using above ratios are that these ratios may not provide an accurate estimate of the company profitability if used individually. The ratios calculated above should be used with other techniques in order to get more accurate and reliable estimate of the company financial position. The above ratios also ignore the impact of items which may result in low profitability but may increase share holders wealth maximization. For example, depreciation charged and interest expenses paid will ultimately decrease the tax liability of the company resulting in more profits available for distribution. The are many methods to calculate the leveraging of the company some considers long term debt while others considers both long term and short term debt of the company so this ratio should be calculated as per the requirements. The ratio of ROCE ignores the impact of risk taken by the company. We may use RROCE [Risk Adjusted Return on Capital Employed] in order to get a more reliable estimate. The following additional techniques and tools can be used for the analysis of SMC: Cash Flow Analysis [Liquidity Ratios] Peer Group Comparison Inventory turn over ratio Average collection period Price earning ratio Taxation structure of the countries where the company wants to enter Exchange rate risk. The Board of Directors are the agent of shareholders (Principal). It is the responsibility of the BOD to act in the best interest of shareholders. But there are chances that the BOD may not act in the interest of shareholders due to some potential conflict of interest. The conflict of interest may arise due to difference in goals and objectives of BOD and shareholders. However different techniques can be used to reduce the chances of conflict of interest such as profit participation, performance based remuneration etc. The dividend policy is related with the profit distribution of the company. The investor would like to invest in a company which has a good dividend policy. The dividend policy is normally affected by the stage of business and future expansion plans. The dividend policy is important due to the following reasons: The dividend policy plays an important role in attracting the investors High dividends may result in higher share price of the company [market capitalization] Distribution of dividend in the form of cash shows good liquidity position of the company. The debt financing is normally encouraged due to the fact that the interest expenses are deductable for taxation purposes while the dividend paid to share holders is not considered as an expense for taxation purposes. Three main sources of financing: Debt Financing from financial institutions Subscription money from shareholders Subordinated debt form sponsors Government Grants

Malaysias Economy Exports

Malaysias Economy Exports Malaysia Economy Exports Introduction Malaysia, the place called ‘Truly Asia’. It lies on the Southeastern Asian peninsula bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea. It’s filled with different Asian cultures from Malay, Chinese, Borneo and other indigenous groups. Having no or little issues about societal upheavals, corruptions and such being published in international media, Malaysia continues to be a puzzling country known for its present natural splendor as it continues to flourish as one of Asia’s leading countries. However, knowing its experiences that led to its present growth is what’s really interesting about this country. After gaining independence from Britain in 1957, it was noted that the Chinese was the chief force in Malaysia’s economy. In the 1960’s, Malaysia’s economy was dependent on exports of agricultural goods. During this period annual Gross Domestic Product increases on an average rate of 6 percent per year. Then in the late 1960’s racial pressure started and caused the creation of the New Economic Policy which aimed to ensure that by 1990’s at least 20% of the economy must be controlled by ethnic Malays. In the 1970’s, high deflation and mismanagement of government enterprise caused its economy to experience severe economic downturn. By 1985, recession having negative 1.2 percent GDP growth was experienced. As solution to the downfall of the economy, the government shifted its focus from the agriculture sector to the manufacturing sector. It liberalized foreign equity ownership from 10 to 20 percent in order to attract foreign investments. These efforts resulted to a success by achieving a positive GDP growth of 13.4 percent from 1986 to 1990. Although the country’s internal economic factors continued to be strong, its external economic factors affected it in a negative way. Huge capital outflows from the Malaysian economy and other South East Asian economies were hurt by the Asian crisis. From positive 7.7 percent Malaysia’s real growth rate in declined to negative 7.5 percent in 1998. Interest rate also increased from five percent to nine percent. Furthermore, inflation and the increase in unemployment from 2.4 percent to 3.2 percent caused poverty to boost from 6.1 percent in 1997 to 7 percent in 1998. In addition, the health sector was also affected due to the increase in the price of imported drugs which in turn also made it harder for the poor to afford medication. Despite its condition, Malaysia rejected IMF assistance and stabilized its money with the help of Bank Negara Malaysia, its Central Bank, through lowering exchange rates, interest rates, and government spending. Also, the government increased capital controls by halting, several mega projects and established the National Economic Action Council (NEAC). With all these efforts, the country achieved a positive annual growth rate of 5.4 per cent in 1999. Malaysias economy continued to surge despite all terrorist threats and health diseases such as the SARS. The Package of New Strategies was established in 2003 to generalize domestic sources of growth, promote private investment and strengthen the countrys competitiveness. In 2006, The Ninth Malaysia Plan was issued. This plan reiterates the target of lifting Malaysia’s economy to developed nation by 2020. After knowing all these facts, this paper will now discuss about the economic condition of Malaysia starting from the year 2002 to 2006. It will tackle the GDP’s contribution to growth and growth by sector, lending and inflation rate, money supply, trade and economic indicators and some movements of selected exports. Gross Domestic Product Contributions to Growth (Figure 2.24.1) Malaysia’s Gross Domestic Product was highest during the year 2004 with 7.2 percent. To further analyze the changes, the factors affecting the Gross Domestic Product would be discussed. First, consumption was analyzed in two separate types: Private Consumption and Public Consumption. From the figure, it could be seen that consumption is an unstable factor in their economy. Private consumption in 2002 was 2.0 percent and rose until it reached 4.9 percent in 2004. However it started to decrease in 2005 and by 2006 private consumption was only 3.5 percent. Private consumption in the last five years grew by an average of 3.58 percent. When in comes to Public consumption, 1.4 percent growth was attained in 2002. It grew by 0.2 percent by 2003 then started to fall and reached 0.8 percent in 2005. It picked up its pace and increased to 1.2 percent in 2006. The average Public consumption growth is 1.18 percent. It could be noted that private consumption became the largest GDP contributor in the years 2003 to 2006. The increased consumption is caused by the low interest which encouraged business investments and higher income for the household to dispose. This in turn generated income for the businesses which could eventually lead to expansionary means that would produce employment. Next, investments were also presented as two types namely Private and Public investments. Private investment started at a negative growth of 1.9 percent in 2002 then increased to positive 2.9 percent by 2004 and decreased to 1.3 percent in 2006. On the other hand, Public investments kept on fluctuating from positive 4.1 percent in 2002 it decreased to a negative growth in 2003 and 2005 until it sustained a positive 0.3 percent in 2006. As could be seen from the figures, public investments started as the largest GDP contributor in 2002 but kept on decreasing while Private investments tried to maintain its positive growth. The increase in private investments was due to a healthy business relationship achieved through the trust established in the economic plans such as the Ninth Malaysian Plan. With regards to the country’s net exports was negative during 2002, 2004 and 2006 with negative 1.3, 2.5 and 0.4 percent growth. In 2003 and 2005, positive 2.0 and 1.3 percent were obtained. Overall, Malaysia had the lowest GDP in 2002 with 4.4 percent growth and as said earlier, it achieved 7.2 percent growth in 2004 and ended with 5.9 percent growth by 2006. The highest contributor in the years 2002 to 2006 were public investments for 2002 and private consumption for the following years. From all these, it could be deduced that Malaysia’s GDP growth was reliant on private consumption. The problem is that as people consume more, they might not have enough to consume in the future therefore increasing the other factors in the GDP should also be done. Growth by Sectors (Figure 2.24.2) The growth it’s Agriculture, Industry and Services sectors, no one sector dominated the others by having a consistent increase per year. This might be caused by the shifts in the strength of production in such sectors. For instance in 2002, Services had the greatest contribution to their economy. However, by the Industrial sector increased by almost 70% in 2003 and continued to rise by 8.22% in 2004, causing it to contribute more to the GDP of the country. By 2005 and 2006, Industry decreased and as finance and trade businesses rose, Services became the largest contributor again. With these, total employment increased in 2006 by 2.5%. As could be noted Agriculture was the least competitive sector. This sector which has been very important to rural incomes and exports might have still been affected by the 1985 act of shifting focus away from the Agriculture sector. It only attained a 6.4% GDP contribution due to the increased prices of foreign crops. Inflation Rate and Money Supply There are 3 types of money monitored by the Central Bank in Malaysia namely M1, M2 and M3. M1 is narrow money, and M2 and M3 considered broad money. M1 is composed of private sector currency and demand deposits. M2 is M1 plus financial assets while M3 is M2 plus: fixed deposits of the private sector; net issues of NCD to the private sector and transactions effected by finance companies, merchant banks, discount houses, and Bank Islam. The adoption of the managed float enabled the central bank to gain flexibility with the money control in monetary policy. Through it they were no longer stalled with always having to off-set the increase in money supply with a substantial increase in money demand in order to keep the Ringgit fixed. In the past 5 years (Table A9), money supply has changed positively. This might have been through their imposed decrease in interest rate. In fact it reached its peak in 2004 by having a 25.4% increase in money supply. With regards to inflation, the Malaysian economy has been experiencing a low inflation (Table A8). Inflation has been under an increasing and decreasing trend per year. However, their rate is not worrisome since it’s still managed in low single digits. From 1.8 in 2002 it reached an inflation of 3.6 in 2006. This price increase has been mainly caused by the increase in fuel prices and electricity cost. In addition, the positive growth in money supply was also a factor in this inflation. It should be noted that despite the inflation consumption still increased because the actual increase in the prices did not hurt the consumers knowing that it was off-set by the strengthening economy or national income. Unemployment Rate The country’s unemployment was unstable. The rate did not increase to more than 3.0 figures (Table A6). In fact, from 3.5 in 2002, it decreased to 3.4 in 2006. This might have been greatly influenced by the sectors especially industry or manufacturing and the services sectors. This is one accomplishment of the macroeconomic objective of reducing unemployment. Further it could aid to an increase in national income through the reduction of the poverty situation in the country. Exchange Rate, Imports and Exports Due to the 1997/98, Bank Negara Malaysia decided to have a â€Å"currency peg† thus fixing the Ringgit exchange rate. As can be seen (Table A19) until 2005, the Ringgit was valued RM 3.8 to one U.S. dollar. Fixing the rate caused damages to the economy since their currency did not increase in value in response to the weakening economy of other countries such as the U.S. Also, although foreign investors might feel comfort in knowing that the exchange rate wouldn’t change most were also hindered from investing. This was because investors know that in time they would lose since the Ringgit does not have a chance to increase its value thus they would look for other profitable investments in other countries. It was a good thing that the Central Bank decided to shift to a managed float system. In 2006, Malaysian Ringgit appreciated to 3.6 per U.S Dollar. The managed float is more favorable for foreign investments since more profit would be attained by investors. It would be the Bank of Negara’s role to ensure control over short term variability and let the demand and supply factors to affect the long-run trends. The exports and imports of the country were not severely affected by the exchange rate knowing that it was still fixed during 2002-2005. Other factors affected the trade of the country. In 2002, 2004 and 2005 the growth in imports was more than that of the exports (Figure 2.24.5). Although the percentage growth of exports was less, surplus was still attained because the total amount of exports was more than the imports. This was attributable to the industrial sector’s contribution in electronics and the rising oil, gas and crops to be exported. Imports grew through the increased consumption of foreign goods. Government Revenues and Expenditures Government revenues were in a declining trend (Table A22). From 23.1 in 2002 it decreased to 22.1 in 2004 and ended at 21.7 in 2006.Likewise, government spending was also declining (Table A21). From 28.7 in 2002 it reached 26.4 in 2004 and 24.3 in 2006. This decrease in earnings might be bad for the government because they would have little funds to finance government programs. It was good that as the earnings decreased, the expenditures also decreased. This direct proportional trend would enable the country to not experience a great loss unlike those countries that tend to spend more although they have the knowledge that they are not earning much. The decrease in government expenditure could be attributed to the decrease in government borrowing as a result of the fiscal policy. The contractionary fiscal policy enabled the country to lower government spending to achieve a long term economic growth. In addition, increasing prices of exports was used as a compensating factor for expenditure’s effect on revenue. Revenue from these exports represents 37% of government revenue. Conclusions Malaysia could be an interesting topic for a lot of economic enthusiasts because of the cycle that it has gone through. Malaysia’s economy has undergone many changes. It started as a well-off economy until it experienced a lot of crises including the Asian crisis. This country is among the lucky ones who have been able to get back on its feet and improve its condition. The increased growth in the pattern of its GDP signifies the strength of their economy. It shows how their national income increases as being affected by the said factors. However, it should still continuously work on improving the condition of its net exports and investments because increasing consumption now could result to less consumable goods in the future. When it comes to the sectors, the performance has been good. The increased electronic productions, crop harvesting and service providing could boost their economy further. In addition, employment is greatly increased by these factors. Moreover, they have a fine control of their money supply. The positive increase in their money supply enables the increased consumption and decreased interest rates but higher inflation. Their inflation is not worrisome being stable at a low inflation figure. With their exchange rate, it has been a right move to shift to a managed rate instead of the pegged rate since more investments and profits would be generated from this. Factors other than the exchange rate have had more influence on imports and exports. Since their exports are still more than their imports its positive contribution to the national income could still be anticipated. Lastly, with regards to their government revenue and expenditure they should find ways in generating more revenue but increasing the spending at the same time because government spending is one of the main factors of national income. With all of these, it could be deduced that Malaysia has a chance of achieving more economic growth. However, the possibility of achieving the Ninth Malaysia Plan is still unfeasible. Although their economy is rising they should still consider more expansionary means of creating a long-run growth and produce realistic goals. This will enable them to catch up and become one of the developed countries. Sources http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/ADO/2007/MAL.asp www.econ.upm.edu.my/~azali/FN.pdf www.mier.org.my/mierscan/archives/pdf/drariff1_8_2005.pdf http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Malaysia-OVERVIEW-OF-ECONOMY.html http://www.pbs.org/nbr/site/research/educators/060106_10d/ http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/pqdweb?index=7did=1169443391SrchMode=1sid =1Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1193566062clientId=47883 Appendix 2.24.1 Contributions to growth (demand) Sources: Bank Negara Malaysia, available: www.bnm.gov.my, downloaded 28 February 2007; staff estimates. 2.24.2 GDP growth by sector Source: Bank Negara Malaysia, available: www.bnm.gov.my, downloaded 28 February 2007. 2.24.5 Trade indicators Sources: Bank Negara Malaysia, available: www.bnm.gov.my, downloaded 28 February 2007; staff estimates.

A Brief History of Personal Computers :: essays research papers

A Brief History of Personal Computers The electronic computer is a relatively modern invention; the first fully operable computer was developed about 50 years ago, at the end of World War II, by a team at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering. This team was headed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, who named the new machine ENIAC, for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator. ENIAC was hardly a personal computer, occupying a large room and weighing about 33 tons. By today's standards, ENIAC was extremely slow, unreliable, and expensive to operate. In 1945, on the other hand, it was considered a marvel. Over the next 30 years, computers became smaller, faster, and less expensive. However, most of these machines remained isolated in their own air-conditioned rooms, tended by specially trained personnel. By 1975, computers were in great demand at universities, government agencies, and large businesses, but relatively few people had ever come face-to-face with an actual computer. This all began to change in the late 1970s. To understand why, let's take a closer look at the early computers. ENIAC and its immediate successors were large, slow, and unreliable primarily because they used thousands of large, slow, and unreliable vacuum tubes in their electronic circuits. The vacuum tubes were glass cylinders, typically about four inches high and an inch in diameter, which generated a lot of heat and thus could not be placed too close together. Then, in 1947, a momentous event occurred at Bell Labs - William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain announced the invention of the transistor. Only about an inch long and a quarter inch across, a transistor produced very little heat, and did the same job as a vacuum tube. The downsizing of computers began in the 1950s as transistors replaced vacuum tubes, and continued into the 1960s with the introduction of the integrated circuit (IC) - an ice cube-sized package containing hundreds of transistors. By the late 1960s, microchips, consisting of thousands of electronic components residing on a piece of silicon the size of a postage stamp, had begun to replace ICs. At this time, some minicomputers occupied a space no larger than a small filing cabinet and cost less than $25,000. Then, in 1970, Marcian Hoff, Jr., working at Intel Corporation, invented the microprocessor, a central processing unit on a chip. The technological world was now ready for the personal computer. The First Personal Computer A Brief History of Personal Computers :: essays research papers A Brief History of Personal Computers The electronic computer is a relatively modern invention; the first fully operable computer was developed about 50 years ago, at the end of World War II, by a team at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering. This team was headed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, who named the new machine ENIAC, for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator. ENIAC was hardly a personal computer, occupying a large room and weighing about 33 tons. By today's standards, ENIAC was extremely slow, unreliable, and expensive to operate. In 1945, on the other hand, it was considered a marvel. Over the next 30 years, computers became smaller, faster, and less expensive. However, most of these machines remained isolated in their own air-conditioned rooms, tended by specially trained personnel. By 1975, computers were in great demand at universities, government agencies, and large businesses, but relatively few people had ever come face-to-face with an actual computer. This all began to change in the late 1970s. To understand why, let's take a closer look at the early computers. ENIAC and its immediate successors were large, slow, and unreliable primarily because they used thousands of large, slow, and unreliable vacuum tubes in their electronic circuits. The vacuum tubes were glass cylinders, typically about four inches high and an inch in diameter, which generated a lot of heat and thus could not be placed too close together. Then, in 1947, a momentous event occurred at Bell Labs - William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain announced the invention of the transistor. Only about an inch long and a quarter inch across, a transistor produced very little heat, and did the same job as a vacuum tube. The downsizing of computers began in the 1950s as transistors replaced vacuum tubes, and continued into the 1960s with the introduction of the integrated circuit (IC) - an ice cube-sized package containing hundreds of transistors. By the late 1960s, microchips, consisting of thousands of electronic components residing on a piece of silicon the size of a postage stamp, had begun to replace ICs. At this time, some minicomputers occupied a space no larger than a small filing cabinet and cost less than $25,000. Then, in 1970, Marcian Hoff, Jr., working at Intel Corporation, invented the microprocessor, a central processing unit on a chip. The technological world was now ready for the personal computer. The First Personal Computer

Walter Lippmanns The Public Philosophy :: The Public Philosophy

Walter Lippmann's The Public Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walter Lippmann begins his The Public Philosophy by expressing his concern for the state of the Western Liberal Democracies. The West, he writes, suffers from "a disorder from within." This disorder has its roots in the long peace between 1812 and 1914, and was further exascurbated by the great population increase of that era and the coinciding industrial revolution. The latter changed the nature of armed struggle, which in turn intensified the "democratic malady." The situation Lippmann describes is the "paralysis of governments," the inability of the state to make difficult and unpopular decisions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paralysis is the product of both the long peace and the great war. The period extending from Waterloo to 1914 lulled the West into believing that the age of Man's aggression had passed. Because the "hard decisions" of taxation, prohibition, and war were not often faced in these years, the Jacobin concept of the desirability of weak government was instilled in the West. When the first world war did come about, the West was unable to deal effectively with its costs. The new technologies spawned by the industrial revolution, as well as the greater populations involved, had made war infinitely more costly than in the past. Consequently, the executive aspects of Western governments were forced to "democratize" the appropriation of men and money by handing their power to the representative assemblies. The assemblies too were forced to cede their power to "the People," who channeled them to media powers and party leaders. The result was "Disastrous and revolutionary . The democracies became incapacitated to wage war for rational ends or to make a peace which would be enforced."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lippmann holds that the major malfunction of the West is this acquisition of executive and representative powers by the masses. This is a fundamental distortion of the rights of the governed. Lippmann contends that the People have but two natural rights: to decide whether or not to by governed, and to choose who shall govern them. "This breakdown of the constitutional order is the cause of the precipitate and the catastrophic decline of Western society."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why then, cannot a mass govern effectively?

A Fireside Chat Essay

â€Å"It was good work, the kind of work that let you sleep soundly at night and, when you awoke, look forward to the day†, Jeanette Walls quoted. According to Wikipedia, work ethics is defined as a value based on hard work and diligence. In the text, A Fireside Chat, Sir Lynden Pindling speaks about poor work ethics and how it must be changed to build The Bahamas. Some civil servants are discouraged because of victimization, others have no hope for the future and some believe that since â€Å"their’’ government is in power they no longer have to work hard. The Bahamas is a democratic country; therefore everyone should have a freedom of speech and freedom to vote for the government of their choice. Sir Lynden Pindling addresses that a factory has been closed down, vegetable crates have been denied to small farmers and workers have been laid off work because of political reasons. These unfair actions cause workers to be discouraged, whether they were the ones directly affected or not. Also, victimization causes other workers to feel the need to not work hard. Put yourself in their shoes, if other people who don’t support the people who don’t support the PLP government are being fired and because you voted for them your job is secure wouldn’t you feel comfortable and slack off as well? I know I would. Employers who victimize employees not only show poor work ethic to their workers but also the public. If you fire people because they have different views you are making it hard on your business. This can cause slower services because of lack of workers and eventually add to the decline of customers. Sir Lynden Pindling also states that no government would function well or long without an efficient civil service. Why put your country, let alone your business at jeopardy of failing? Not only adults have poor work ethics, so do adolescents. Some children feel discouraged because of the area they live in or their financial situations and provide mediocre services as well. For example, some packing boys never have a smile on their face and when loading your bags to the car they handle them with no care whatsoever. Attitudes like this can cause them to receive little or no tips from customers. No matter how big or small your job is, it is vital. In paragraph eight of the text, Sir Lynden Pindling encourages the children to never give up on their dreams because nothing is impossible. He even gives examples of children in poor communities, â€Å"little Mary of Toote Shop Corner† and â€Å"little John of Meadow Street’’, that education is the key and dreams can become reality. Some civil servants believe that since â€Å"their† government is in power they have arrived and are free to slack off on their jobs. Have you ever wondered why the waitress serving you seemed as though she had a frown painted on her face and it seemed like she did not want to be at work that day? This is because workers do not value their jobs or even the customers. Some workers even treat the local Bahamians poorly, but treat the tourist very well. This may be because of the tourists’ skin color or accent, so the waitresses assume these customers will tip better. Local Bahamians are treated with mediocrity because the waitresses assume they will tip poorly or not tip at all. Aside from having bad attitudes on the job, some workers do not act professionally. For example, last week Thursday I went to The Bowling Alley with a few friends and during our game of bowling the waitress came to take our order. Her conduct was very poor; she flirted with my friends and gave attitude towards me with made me not enjoy my experience the way I wanted to. I feel as though when you are on the job your conduct should be very professional and you should speak to the customers formally and not informally. Therefore, many Bahamians have poor work ethics and this should be fixed immediately. In order for this country to grow progressively we must all work together to strengthen each other instead of victimizing people. We must also learn to believe in ourselves and work professionally when on the job.

Aunt Polly in Huck Finn

In the book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Aunt Polly is a minor character but her role is very important. She is Tom Sawyer’s aunt and also his guardian. Aunt Polly is a sharp woman who tries to keep Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn out of trouble. She is a character that is fearsome, respectable, and loved. When Huck Finn sees Aunt Polly at Aunt Sally’s house he say she was â€Å"looking as sweet and contented as an angel half-full of pie, I wish I may never! † (1460). Huck Finn describes Aunt Polly in a loving way but he also expresses his fear in seeing her. Huck fears her so much that he hides under the bed (1460). As soon as Aunt Polly tells Huck to come out from under the bed, he does so timidly which indicates he respected her enough to do what he was told immediately (1461). Aunt Polly demands that Tom should give her the letters that she wrote to Aunt Sally. Tom acts as if he does not know what she is talking about. Aunt Polly responds by saying, â€Å"I be bound if I have to take a holt of you I’ll –â€Å" (1461). She doesn’t have to finish her sentence because Tom interrupts her where they are. He does this because he fears Aunt Polly. When Aunt Sally wrote to Aunt Polly about Tom and Sid arriving safely she was puzzled because Sid was with her. She wrote to Aunt Sally several times with no response. Aunt Polly made the 100 mile trip to Aunt Sally’s because she knew that something wasn’t right. This shows just how sharp Aunt Polly was. When Aunt Polly arrives at Aunt Sally’s she looks at Tom, â€Å"-kind of grinding him into the Earth, you know. † And this indicates that Aunt Poll was an intelligent woman because she knew that Tom and Huck had tricked Aunt Sally (1460). When Aunt Polly arrives Huck Finn disappears under the bed and Aunt Sally does not know where he is. â€Å"Come out from under the bed Huck Finn. †, says Aunt Polly (1461). She had only been there briefly but could easily assess the situation. Evidently Aunt Polly is a sharp character. She is feared by Tom and Huck. It is clearly shown that she is a respectable person. Aunt Polly is a very important character because she helps the story come together at the end. She is the one who puts an end to Tom and Huck’s charade. I believe Aunt Polly to be a stern but kind person. She loves Tom and Huck and they love her.

Ted Bundy Research Paper

â€Å"Ask a psychopath what love is and he’ll go on and on, but he has never felt it himself†¦If you catch him lying, he’ll just shift gears and go on as though nothing had happened† (Goleman). Ted Bundy was one of the most famous psychopaths in the history of the country (Nordheimer). People say he was the perfect killer- handsome, intelligent, witty, and charming (Boynton 25). Bundy was the complete opposite of what people thought a serial killer looked like, so his victims did not fear him (â€Å"Ted Bundy†).Robert Keppel, an expert on serial killers, stated, â€Å"He taught us that a serial killer can appear to be absolutely normal, the guy next door (â€Å"Serial Killers and Mass Murderers†). At one point he was working for a suicide hotline; a friend once said, â€Å"Ted Bundy took lives, he also saved lives† (Thompson). Bundy not only thrived on the attention he received from the police and the media (Editors), but loved the thri ll of stalking his victims (U*X*L). Not one person Ted Bundy knew would have guessed he was able to do such horrid things.Theodore Robert Cowell was born in the Elizabeth Lund Home for Unwed Mothers in Burlington, Vermont on November 24, 1946. His mother, Louise Cowell, was pregnant with Theodore when she was only twenty-one years old. Louise grew up in a very strict Methodist backround. Because she was not married, having Theodore was an embarrassment to her parents, Sam and Eleanor Cowell. Sam Cowell was known for being ill-tempered and racist. He verbally and physically abused his wife. Because of this, Eleanor suffered from frequent bouts of depression and was always living in fear.Louise had greatly struggled to even tell her parents about her pregnancy on account of what they might do. After birth, Louise traveled back home to Philadelphia so her parents could decide whether they wanted to keep Theodore or put him up for adoption. When the Cowell family was debating, they left Theodore with strangers in Vermont. Two months later, Louise returned to Vermont and brought the baby back to Philadelphia. As soon as the two arrived back home, the Cowell’s told the town that they had adopted Theodore and that Louise was his older sister to save themselves from the gossip of their neighbors.Even when Ted was young, there were incidents that showed how he was different than other children. â€Å"When his Aunt Julie was fifteen years old, she awoke on more than on morning to find her nephew stealthily lifting her blanket and slipping butcher knives into the bed beside her. He just stood there and grinned. † These occurrences were happening when Ted was just three years old (Serial Killers 10). In 1950, Louise and Theodore moved to Tacoma, Washington where they lived with welcoming relatives. To save herself from a bad reputation, Louise changed her last name to Nelson and told the town that she was a widow.She soon found a job as a secretary and start ed to attend a local Methodist church (Serial Killers 10). Louise met John Culpepper Bundy, a hospital cook. The two married on May 19, 1951 and Ted changed his name for the third time at only five years old (11). Once four more children were added to the Bundy household, Theodore became even more isolated, keeping mostly to himself (â€Å"Ted Bundy Biography†). As Theodore grew older and started to attend school, his mother received concerned notes from his teachers telling her that she needed to control his violent temper. When provoked, Ted would get very angry and his teachers were worried.All throughout high school, Ted knew he was different than all the others. He could not feel or understand natural human emotions like normal teenagers so in order for him to appear normal, he was forced to mimic them. Bundy was not able to be caring or compassionate and failed to develop a conscience. He felt that he was living in a world of objects- things to be used or discarded (Ser ial Killers 15). Ted’s high school years were when he began his life of crime. He started stealing expensive clothes and ski equipment and he was sneaking out and peeking through women’s windows to watch them undress.He disabled a woman’s car to make her less mobile and more vulnerable, which satisfied his sexual fantasies. The people who knew Ted would never guess for a second that he was living the life of this sex-obsessed criminal. He received good grades, he regularly attended church, and he was active in Boy Scouts (11). Ted Bundy appeared as an average teenager. He graduated from high school in 1965 and won a scholarship to the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, but later transferred to the University of Washington, where he met the girl of his dreams.Stephanie Brooks had everything, but he loved her for all the wrong reasons: her looks, her money, and her status. Ted tried to do everything he could to make sure she was pleased with him. He followed her to Stanford University in 1967, but she broke up with him soon after. He left Stanford and returned to the University of Washington with a broken heart. His grades suffered tremendously so he had no choice but to drop out (Serial Killers 15). Throughout the year 1968, Ted became obsessed with winning Stephanie back.He changed his whole outer appearance and was more determined than ever to impress her. Transforming himself into a totally different man, he was becoming someone who Brooks would want. Bundy chose politics as his chosen road towards status; he was active in the Washington State Republican party (Serial Killers 15). Toward the end of 1968, he was unemployed after the Republican candidate he was working for lost an election. The following year Ted attended Temple University for a few months (16). Theodore was becoming the ideal citizen (Serial Killers 15).He wrote a rape prevention pamphlet for women (Boynton 25), won a commendation from the Seattle Police Department for running down a purse snatcher, saved a drowning toddler from a lake (Serial Killers 15), and was an assistant director of the Seattle Crime Prevention Advisory Committee (Boynton 25). Ted reenrolled in the University of Washington in 1971 (Serial Killers 15). To earn a little pocket change, Bundy volunteered at Seattle’s Crisis Clinic where he met Ann Rule. Sharing secrets and sorrows, Bundy and Rule became very close- Ann almost acted as Bundy’s replacement mother.Rule says, â€Å"Bundy was considered one of the most skilled counselors, adroit at persuading desperate voices that the night would pass and dawn would come† (Thompson). Ted finally graduated from the University of Washington in 1972 (Serial Killers 16) with a degree in psychology (Boynton 25). After graduation, he applied to law schools, but was rejected on account of his low entrance test scores. A year later, in 1973, he applied to the law school of the University of Utah and was accepted, but did not enroll until the fall of 1974.During the summer of 1973, Bundy felt confident enough to reunite with Stephanie Brooks again, now being twenty six years old. While on a business trip to California, he took Brooks out to an expensive dinner and won her over. She loved the man Bundy had become and the two got engaged soon after (Serial Killers 16). Brooks thought they were going to get married, but Bundy abruptly cut off all ways of contact with her. This was his revenge for what she did to him years ago (â€Å"Ted Bundy Biography†), and Bundy later said, â€Å"I just wanted to prove to myself that I could have married her† (Serial Killers 16).However, this revenge brought Bundy little comfort and began a series of attacks on innocent women (â€Å"Ted Bundy Biography†). All his victims were slender, white, and wore their hair parted down the middle and all disappeared in the late afternoon or evening (Boynton 25). Bundy’s prey oddly resembled Stephanie Brooks. Bundy’s first of many attacks was on January 4, 1974 in Seattle near the University of Washington campus. Joni Lentz, eighteen years old, was viciously attacked while sleeping in the house she shared with her roommates (Boynton 25). That morning Lentz did not show up for breakfast like she normally did.Her roommates did not think anything out of the ordinary; they assumed she slept in late. But by noon, they were starting to worry. Knocking on the door, the roommates heard no response, so they pushed the door upon. To their disbelief, Joni was laying on her bed with her hair and face covered with dried blood. They noticed a metal rod was missing from her bed, and when they lifted the covers, the soon found out what had happened with the rod. The object was harshly shoved in her vagina. Lentz spent several months after the attack in a coma and fortunately, Joni survived and did not recall the incident at all (Serial Killers 16).Twenty-seven days later on a Thursday nig ht, twenty-one year old Lynda Ann Healy was abducted from her bedroom in the Seattle’s University District. Healy was a law student at the University of Washington and part-time weather reporter (Boynton 25). Her work as a weather reporter required her to wake up at 5:30 a. m. each morning and each night she went to bed early. Oddly, she did not show up to work and did not attend her classes later that day. Friday night Healy’s parents called the police hoping they were worrying for no reason- that their daughter was safe.Detectives Wayne Dorman and Ted Fonis arrived on the scene and discovered Lynda no where to be found. Dried blood covered the pillow and soaked through the sheets, onto the mattress. The pillowcase was missing and never has been recovered. As the detectives were searching through her room for clues, they opened the closet and found Healy’s nightgown stuffed in the back with a neckline covered in dried blood (Serial Killers 16). Six weeks after Healy disappeared, Donna Manson, a nineteen year old student at Evergreen State College, left her dormitory to attend a jazz concert. Manson never arrived.Susan Rancourt, a freshman at Central Washington State College disappeared a month after Manson. Rancourt was on her way to a campus movie and was never seen alive again (Serial Killers 17). After students became aware of what happened to Rancourt, they came forward and told of incidents similar to Rancourt’s. They told of encounters with a tall, handsome man with an arm in a sling. The mysterious man asked for their help to bring his books or packages to his car. Kathy Parks disappeared from Oregon State University and Brenda Ball was last seen in the parking lot of a tavern in Burier, Washington.She was seen talking to a handsome, brown-haired man who had one arm in a sling. Georgeann Hawkins disappeared from her sorority house just north of the University of Washington (Boynton 28). She was last seen leaving the Beta fra ternity house. Witnesses reported seeing a tall, good looking man on crutches near where Hawkins was last seen (29). Ball, Parks, and Hawkins disappeared in a matter of two months. Police had no leads on who this psychopath could be- Bundy covered his tracks perfectly. Janice Ott and Denise Naslund were kidnapped on July 14, 1974 at Lake Sammamish State Park in Issaquah, Washington (Boynton 25).Janice Ott, twenty three, was a probation-office worker. On July 14th, Ott was laying on her blanket at around noon trying to catch a tan. Witnesses say they saw her and a man named Ted, who had his arm in sling, chat for a little bit. After chatting, Ott left with the mysterious man- this was the last time anyone has seen her alive. Denise Naslund was a tad younger at only eighteen years old. She worked as a secretary while studying to become a computer programmer. At 4:30 in the afternoon on the 14th, Naslund had just woken up from a nap. She went to the bathroom and never returned (Serial Killers 19).The abductions from Lake Sammamish were under the control of the King County Major Crimes Unit, where Detective Robert Keppe worked. He was the first to connect the two abductions of Ott and Naslund to the attacks on Lentz and Healy. During this time, Bundy was working at the Washington State Department of Emergency Services in Olympia. His fellow coworkers told him he creepily resembled the â€Å"Ted† in the police sketches and Bundy just smiled and shrugged it off. His own girlfriend, Beth Archer, and four other people called the police and suggested him as a suspect. Beth debated on calling in for days.No matter how much she wanted to deny her love being a killer, there were coincidences that could not be ignored. Bundy was always interested in the newspaper’s descriptions of the suspect and the car the police described was oddly similar to Ted’s. Her lover was safe for now though on account of there being no concrete evidence of murder; the victi m’s bodies had not been found (Serial Killers 20). The policemen’s prayers had been answered on September 7, 1974. Elzie Hammons, a hunter, set up four miles from Lake Sammamish. While walking on a rugged, dirt path, he saw a skeleton. Nearby he discovered a human skull.The search was led by Detective Bob Keppel of the King County police. By the end of the search, the men found a total of one skull, a lower jaw, a rib cage, a spinal column, five thigh bones, assorted smaller bones, and eight locks of hair. The remains were positively identified as Janice Ott and Denise Naslund. The third victim is said to be Georgann Hawkins, but that is not for certain (Serial Killers 20). After discovering these findings, the killings seemed to have stopped. However, this was not the case. Bundy began attending the University of Utah in 1974 and with him also came his destruction.Soon enough, the disappearances started to happen again. On October 2, 1974, Nancy Wilcox vanished from h er neighborhood south of Salt Lake City. The sixteen year old was last seen in a light color Volkswagon bug (Serial Killers 21). Just sixteen days later, Melissa Smith, a seventeen year old, disappeared from a local pizza parlor. Seventeen year old Laura Aime vanished after a Halloween party thirteen days after Smith was kidnapped. About a month after Melissa was taken police found her body in a canyon in the Wasatch Range, east of Salt Lake City.A month after this finding, police located Aime’s body by a trail in the same mountains as Smith. Both of the victims’ skulls were crushed by being hit viciously in the head. Strangled and raped, Smith and Aime’s bodies were found nude and beaten (Serial Killers 21). On November 8, 1974 Bundy attempted to kidnap Carol DaRonch. While shopping at the mall, DaRonch was approached by a policeman asking her to go to the parking lot with him (Nordheimer). The officer called himself Officer Roseland and told Carol that someone had broken into her car (Serial Killers 9).Once they walked out to the parking lot, Officer Roseland showed DaRonch his identification and asked her to go to the police station with him. She got in his Volkswagon and as soon as they sped off, the â€Å"officer† put handcuffs on her wrists. Carol kicked him in the crotch and managed to open the car door. As soon as she jumped out, she stopped an oncoming car for help (Nordheimer). Thankfully, nothing serious had happened to her- she was extremely lucky to be alive. That same night, Bundy drove to Viewmont high school in Bountiful, Utah looking for a new victim to satisfy his appetite since he let his first escape.On that evening, Viewmont was having a school play. The teacher that was in charge was asked by Bundy to go out to the parking lot and help him identify a car. Thankfully, the teacher declined the handsome man’s offer. However, seventeen year old Debra Kent was not so fortunate. Debra left the play early to pi ck up her younger brother (Serial Killers 21). Soon after she left, resident from an apartment complex across the street heard two ear piercing screams. Kent’s body would never be found (22). After the attempted kidnapping of DaRonch and the successful abduction of Kent, Bundy stopped killing for about four months.He then resumed in Colorado where he murdered four more women (26). March 1, 1975 was a comforting day for the families of Brenda Ball, Susan Rancourt, Kathy Parks, and Lynda Healy. Ten miles east of Issaquah, a couple of students that were hiking found a skull near Taylor Mountain. Detective Keppel led a search team of two hundred officers and volunteers. The men and women recovered all of these remains in a matter of eight days (Serial Killers 20). Throughout the year of 1975 Ted Bundy had two dozen police agencies from the states of Washington, Oregon, Utah, and Colorado on alert.These agencies had no idea that they were all after the same man (22). At two a. m. on August 16, 1975, Sergeant Robert Hayward was on his way home from his shift. When he reached his neighborhood he cruised past a suspicious gray Volkswagon. Hayward put on his brights so he could take a look at the license plate. As soon as he turned his brights on, the driver of the Volkswagon turned off his lights and sped away feverishly. After a pursuit, the Volkswagon pulled in to a beaten down gas station. The driver’s license read Theodore Robert Bundy. Ted said he was lost and that he had just seen a movie at the local theatre.Just to be cautious, Hayward called for some back up. When detective Daryle Ondrak arrived he asked Bundy if he could look in his car. Oddly, Ted had removed the passenger seat and sitting next to where the seat should be, was a crowbar. The detectives found this strange so they investigated the trunk. There they found an ice pick, ski mask, a mask made out of panty house, pieces of rope, and a pair of handcuffs. Ondrak arrested Bundy right aw ay but he was soon freed (Serial Killers 22). Later on that week, Ondrak attended the usual meeting with the detectives in the area.As the meeting was coming to a close, Ondrak mentioned Bundy and what had happened a few nights ago. Homicide Detective Jerry Thompson of the Salt lake County Sheriff’s Office pieced all the information together. Thompson had been investigating the murder of Melissa Smith for over a year. He remembered the attempted kidnapping of Carol DaRonch and how she was handcuffed in a Volkswagon. So many pieces were falling together in his mind and he knew that Bundy was the killer. Thompson worked tremendously hard to link Bundy to the DaRonch case (Serial Killers 22).To make sure this happened, on October 2, 1975, Thompson assembled a police lineup. He brought in Carol DaRonch, the Viewmont drama teacher, and a Viewmont student who also talked to the mysterious stranger on the night of the play. All three women picked Bundy out of the lineup. Bundy was c harged with the kidnapping and attempted murder of Carol DaRonch. His bail was set at one hundred thousand dollars and he was being held at the Salt Lake County Jail. After just seven weeks, Bundy’s bail was reduced to fifteen thousand dollars. Johnnie and Louise Bundy scrambled up enough money and on November 26th, Bundy returned to Seattle.Bundy’s trial on the assault of Carol DaRonch was held on February 23, 1976 in the Salt Lake City Courthouse. The trial dragged on for several days, with DaRonch’s testimony being the crucial factor. Four days later Theodore was found guilty of aggravated kidnapping and was ordered to undergo psychiatric examination before his sentencing (Serial Killers 24). A few months later on June 30th, Ted Bundy was sentenced to one to fifteen years in the Utah State Prison. He boasted that he was a popular inmate and that the conviction, which he called just a minor setback, would be overturned in the near future (Serial Killers 24).In January of 1977, Bundy was transferred to Colorado for the trial of the Caryn Cambell murder. For two months, he was held in the small Pitkin County Jail located in Aspen. There, Ted took pleasure in unlimited telephone privileges and made friends with ease. Throughout the trial, he did not get along with his team of lawyers so he fired them and coordinated his own defense. Bundy knew what he was doing- prisoners who are their own lawyer are permitted freedom of movement. He was allowed access to law books and such which are held in the library (25). Bundy took matters into his own hands; On June 7, 1977 Ted escaped.Because Ted was in the courtroom, his handcuffs and leg irons were removed. The deputy in charge of him was guarding the courtroom door, so all Bundy had to do was slip out the back of the attached library. From that point, he jumped out the window, which was on second story, twenty five feet below. He left a four-inch imprint in the ground beneath him. A woman outside the courthouse saw Bundy jump, ran inside the courthouse, and asked an officer if people normally jumped out of windows here. The officer ran outside, but the fugitive was long gone. The police knew that Bundy was a psychopath and that they had to catch him soon (Boynton 27).Police advised Aspen residents to lock their doors, put their cars in the garage, and hide their children. Bundy’s own mother, Louise Bundy, appeared on a news broadcast in Tacoma, Washington begging for Ted to turn himself in (Serial Killers 27). Ted never did turn himself in because he was captured eight days after he fled from jail (Boynton 27). When he returned to jail, he was forced to handcuffs and leg irons each time he left his cell (Serial Killers 27) and was moved to the Garfield County Jail because the police wanted him to be in a jail that had more security (25).The murder trial moved from Aspen to Colorado Springs on December 23, 1977. In Colorado Springs the death penalty is handed out more freely than in Aspen. Prosecutors and police knew that the Caryn Cambell murder was weak. Bundy, however, thought that the verdict was not going to lean his way and did not want to end up prison for the rest of his life. His second escape occurred on December 30th. Bundy starved himself so he would be skinny enough to squeeze out through a hole in the ceiling of his cell. He crept through a crawl space and climbed down into the closet of his jailer’s apartment.After waiting patiently, he walked on the front door of the jail and no suspected anything. No one realized he had escaped until fifteen hours later. Bundy traveled to Ann Harbor, Michigan, and then Chicago. His last stop was Florida (Boynton 27). After Bundy’s second escape, in January 1978, he rented an apartment close to Florida State University. Ted grew a beard and went by the name â€Å"Chris Hagen†, but for the most part he was the same Ted Bundy, just a little altered. While in Florida, he killed t hree women.On January 14th, he attacked Margaret Bowman, Lisa Levy, Karen Chandler, and Kathy Kleiner who were members of the Chi Omega Sorority at Florida State University. Chandler and Kleiner were the lucky ones- they survived. Bowman and Levy were, however, strangled to death by Bundy (Boynton 26). These killings proved that Ted no longer showed the finesse like he used to in he past. He slaughtered as fast and as furious as possible (Serial Killers 34). The day after the Chi Omega killings, Bundy was visiting the Oaks, which is a lodge for snow boarders.Boarders who were also staying there were discussing what had happened the day before and a man named Chris Hagen informed them that the murderer was smart for beating the victims with a log because that does not show DNA. He told his new buddies that he could easily get away with murder because he knew how to find the way around the law. Bundy no longer could appear normal- his impulses were taking over (35). Bundy’s fin al victim was twelve year old Kimberly Leach. Leach left her purse when she went from her homeroom to her gym class. As she was walking back to retrieve it, rain began to pour. She never had the chance to grab her purse.Two months later the police found her body with her clothes folded in a neat stack right beside her (Serial Killers 35). The trial for the Chi Omega attacks was the most complicated and bizarre trial in legal history. At one point during the trial, Bundy was doing three roles at once: defendant, defense attorney, and witness for the defense (Serial Killers 37). During the proceedings Ted even had a fan group of girls who called themselves â€Å"Ted’s Groupies†. The Bundy lovers packed the courthouse to support their favorite serial killer. Throughout the trial, he would occasionally turn and flash them that million dollar smile (39).Another reason why this trial was one of the strangest in history was because while Bundy’s girlfriend, Carole Ann Boone, was getting questioned by him Ted asked her to marry him (42). One day in court, he brought in an envelop that included his confessions to the Chi Omega and Kimberly Leach killings. There was an agreement that said he would have to face life in prison, but not the death penalty. Instead of just accepting the deal nonchalantly, Bundy made a big corruption in the courthouse. He attacked his own lawyer, Mike Minerva, by telling the judge that he was inept and defeatist.While this was happening, the prosecutors silently told the defense table that the bargain deal was off. â€Å"The prosecutors didn’t want to take a chance that Bundy’s confessions would be invalidated on appeal over the issue of his appointed attorney’s competence† (Serial Killers 39). After only six hours of deliberation, Bundy was convicted on two counts of first degree murder of the Chi Omega Killings. He was sentenced to death by electrocution. He received an additional death sente nce for Leach’s murder (42). In the beginning of his imprisonment, Carol Ann visited him often and actually became pregnant with his daughter.Bundy’s daughter was born in October 1982 and met her father multiple times. Four years later, Carol and their daughter left the state to take care of a sick relative. Carol never returned to see Bundy again (Serial Killers 43). While in jail he switched to Hinduism. He started to become very afraid of dying and he was doing everything he could to prolong his life. Bundy told the details of his victim’s death. The victim’s families were given the choice to say a good word about Bundy in exchange for the truth on what happened to their daughters.Not one single person agreed to say or do anything that would help Bundy live any longer (Serial Killers 44). One of his confessions he stated was that on the day he kidnapped Janice Ott and Denise Naslund from Lake Sammamish, he kept both women alive for a while, meaning one had to watch the one die (Serial Killers 43). He also confessed to eleven murders in Washington, eight in Utah, three in Colorado, three in Florida, two in Oregon, two in Idaho, and one in California. Off the record he indicated of two killings in Atlantic City, New Jersey, but this confession was not official (46).Ted Bundy was executed on January 4, 1989 in the Florida State Prison (Editors 89) at 7:16 a. m. When Bundy died, Carol DaRonch was thirty three years old. After the execution DaRonch stated, â€Å"If they’d have asked me, I probably would have pulled that switch myself† (Serial Killers 46). The death of Ted Bundy was comforting news to the families of the victims. Ted Bundy was one of the most interesting serial killers the legal system has ever seen. He charmed and manipulated not only his victims, but also police offers, investigators, and anyone involved legally. Bundy enjoyed the thrill of taunting the police and baiting the media.He was obsessed with the attention he received (Editors 91). Throughout his criminal life, the way he abducted and killed changed tremendously. In the beginning he was very organized and killed with finesse, but his last few murders were brutal and sloppy. In an interview with Bundy the day before he died, Ted stated that the reason he killed the way he did was because of the porn he watched when he was younger. Ted Bundy is a psychopath and destructed the lives of so many families. He once said, â€Å"What’s one less person on the face of the earth any way? † (Serial Killers 43).Ted Bundy was a malicious man who never felt sorry for what he did to those poor women. â€Å"The only death he ever wept for was his own† (10). Works Cited Boyton, Gary. â€Å"Ted Bundy: The Serial Killer Next Door. † Crimes and Trials of the Century. Volume Two. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2007. Print. The Editors of Salem Press. â€Å"Ted Bundy. † American Villains. Volume one. Pasadena: Sal em Press, Inc. , 2008. Print. Goleman, Daniel. â€Å"Brain Defect Tied to Utter Amorality of the Psychopath. † New York Times, 7 July 1987: C1. ProQuest. Web. 25 Aug. 2011. Nordheimer, Jon. â€Å"All-American Boy on Trial. † New York Times. 10 Dec. 1978: SM24.ProQuest. Web. 24 Aug. 2011. â€Å"Serial Killers and Mass Murderers (1980s). † American Decades 2003: n. p. Student Resource Center Gold. Web. 31 Aug. 2011. Serial Killers. Richmond: Time-Life Books, 1992. Print. â€Å"Serial Killers. † U*X*L Encyclopedia of U. S. History 2009: n. p. Student Resource Center Gold. Web. 31 Aug. 2011. â€Å"Ted Bundy. † Crimemuseum. org. National Museum of Crime and Punishment, 2008. Web. 4 Sep. 2011. â€Å"Ted Bundy Biography. † Thebiographychannel. co. uk. Bio. , n. d. Web. 5 Sep. 2011. Thompson, Thomas. â€Å"The Women Disappeared. † DISCovering Authors 2003: n. p. Student Resource Center Gold. Web. 31 Aug. 2011.